Analysis Of The Raven By Edgar Allan Poe - 1487 Words

ANALYSIS OF LENORE The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe is undoubtedly one of the most famous poems ever written. With its haunting imagery and masterfully crafted suspense, as well as the famous refrain â€Å"nevermore†, The Raven is mesmerizing, hypnotic, terrifying, exciting, and irresistible. Besides its outstanding sounds and imagery, the secret to the Raven’s persistent and ubiquitous popularity also lies in the universality of the theme with which it deals – namely, the theme of the lost Beloved. At the heart of the plot lies a story of a young man grieving his passed love Lenore. He is falling asleep one night, trying to distract himself from thoughts about her, when he hears a sudden tapping at the door. He opens it, but nobody is there. Soon again he hears a knocking, this time at the window. The Raven flies in, and the Raven is a talking one. With its repeating, never-changing â€Å"nevermore,† it drives the narrator insane, leading him into the deepest of despair, and e nslaves his soul forever. It tells the narrator he will never find comfort from his memories, nor will he ever be reunited with his Beloved in Heaven. But is there really no hope for our poor narrator? Is there perhaps something about how he perceives Lenore that makes it impossible to escape the prison of his own memory? This essay will answer these questions by analyzing in detail the image of Lenore throughout the poem. In dealing with the theme of the lost beautiful Lenore, Poe adopts the most melancholy ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven 1514 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is a very well known writer who specifically liked to write poetry and short stories whose genres included mystery and horror. He’s well known for some of his most popular works such as The Raven, The Tell-Tale Heart, and Annabel Lee. Edgar Allan Poe has written many different pieces of literary work that make him unique from the rest. His literary works evoke deep thoughts and imagery. Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts but mostly lived in Richmond, Virginia. Poe wrote his firstRead MoreLiterary Analysis : The Raven By Edgar Allan Poe727 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The raven† by Edgar Allan Poe Example: â€Å"Once upon a midnight dreary while I pondered weak and weary (1); rare and radiant maiden (11); And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain (notice the deft use of consonance as well) (13); Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing, / Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before (19-20)†. Analysis : â€Å"The raven† is a poem written by Ellan Edgar Poe. The reason why using alliteration is importantRead MoreThe Raven Edgar Allan Poe Analysis1067 Words   |  5 PagesThe poem The Raven by Edgar Allen Poe can be interpreted in many different ways. In my opinion, the poem tells of a woman that was very important in his life. The raven in the poem is his representation of the constant reminder that his lost loved one named Lenore is gone. There is a lot of evidence that supports this claim throughout the poem that Poe uses. The narrator in The Raven is grieving the death of a woman named Lenore. However, in the poem, we do not know who Lenore is to him but we canRead MoreAnalysis Of The Raven By Edgar Allan Poe1691 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allen Poe â€Å"The Raven† Edgar Allen Poe started with a traumatic childhood which would lead to a life of unfortunate events, ultimately causing his downhill spiral into both physical and mental illness. Throughout Poe’s work, various stages of mental distress can be seen reflected in the writings. One of his darker and more brooding pieces of literature, The Raven, dies deep into the darkest corners of Poe’s declining mental health and has strong ties to personal life events and experiences.Read MoreEssay about Literary Analysis of The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe565 Words   |  3 PagesLiterary Analysis of The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe The life of Edgar Allan Poe was as morbid and melancholy as his works. After the abandonment by his father and the disturbing death of his mother, both prominent traveling actors, Edgar was reluctantly forced into orphanage. He was later taken into the home of John Allan, a wealthy tobacco merchant. Their relationship was shaky, at best, and the contention between the two would last until Allans death, where his willRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven 1602 Words   |  7 PagesJadon Vanderslice. Ms. Glass English 1213 5 February 2017 Poe Edgar Allan Poe, arguably one of the best poets ever, has wrote many great and deep-meaning poems, such as â€Å"Annabel Lee,† and â€Å"Dream Within a Dream.† Both putting off a rather dark image and goth-like elements, a way of writing Poe loved best. Mostly known for â€Å"The Raven†, Poe’s Poems all have real deep and mysterious meanings that make people think a bit more to figure it out. The way he expressed terror, the suspense, the heighteningRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven1232 Words   |  5 Pages Edgar Allan Poe: The Raven Literature is a very powerful tool that is used to make a huge impact on society or in someone’s perspective. As complex as the world, literature can appear in many forms using unique vernacular that expresses human endeavors. In some cases, social reform is Transcendentalism is an American literary, philosophical movement, promoting the idea of independent progress. The central idea is the optimistic viewpoint of humanity. People, men and women equally, have knowledgeRead MoreAn Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven1954 Words   |  8 Pagesauthors, Edgar Allan Poe, Anne Bradstreet, and Emily Dickinson, had poems in which they explored the common theme of death. Their unique views on death, as reflected in their poems, tells us of the different ways people looked at death during their respective times. In this essay, I will explore and explain three poems of Edgar Allan Poe, and one from Anne Bradstreet and Emily Dickinson respectively, and then compare the differences between the three authors. In Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven, he usesRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven Essay3338 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction Edgar Allan Poe was an American author, poet, editor, and literary critic, also considered the part of the American Romantic Movement. He is best known for his short tales of mystery and macabre. Poe was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story, and is generally considered as the inventor of the detective fiction genre. He was the first well known American writer who was known for trying to earn his living by writing, resulting in a financially difficult life andRead MoreComparitve Analysis of the Raven Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe1257 Words   |  6 PagesComparative Analysis of the Tell Tale Heart and the Raven Edgar Allen Poe was the author of several daunting works of literature. Two examples of Edgar Allen Poes literature are The Tell Tale Heart and The Raven. If we compare these two works, one a short story and the other a poem, we will see that Poe shows great mastery of symbolism, as well as other forms of literary technique. In these two stories, many people would say that Poe uses the tales to reflect the way he perceives

Our Nation s Criminal Justice System - 934 Words

There are many problems that our nation’s criminal justice system has but among the many there are some that stand out to me more than others. Our nation has always been biased in favor of men. Women used to be considered property of their husband. Yes, we haven’t always been equal but I’d like to think that in the 21st century we are all equal. No matter the color of your skin, your sexual preference or even your gender everyone in some way is equal. Men and women have equal paying jobs, same sex marriage is legal and generally speaking both men and women have equal opportunities. But there are some things that aren’t equal when it comes to our Nations criminal justice system. Men and women commit acts of violence against each other. The way in which each particular situation is handled shouldn’t depend on the sex of the aggressor. Men are always thought of as the aggressor even prior to knowing the actual situation. Many people fail to realize the severity of Domestic Violence among men. In heterosexual relationships 1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men have been victims of some form of physical violence by intimate partner within their lifetime. Verbal, Psychological, and sexual abuse are all forms domestic Violence. Although domestic violence is a largely talked about issue, the violence that is inflicted towards the male companion is significantly less spoke about across the United States. Even though it goes under the radar it shouldn’t go unnoticed. Some women believeShow MoreRelatedPortugal s Criminal Justice System1440 Words   |  6 PagesPortugal criminal justice system, it showed similarities and differences with the United States criminal justice system. For example, these two nations have some of the same problems, however Portugal has abolished the death penalty. When I looked into the strengths and weakness of law enforcement, criminal procedures, courts, sentencing, and corrections I believe that the United States has a better form in handling these matters. So far there isn t a perfect system to manage the justice system, butRead MoreCrime Prevention Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome a major issue in our Nation. In our text we have learned that in the early 1990’s President Bill Clinton had passed a bill that hired 100,000 police officers as a result of the Violent Crime Control Act (Worrall, 2008). The hiring of all the police officers looked as if was going to make a huge impact across the nation. With the rate of crime going up across the world crime prevention is really needed. Communities and police officers need to come together to help preserve our neighborhoods. ThisRead MoreIn The Beginning Of The 1930’S Wrongful Convictions Tended1228 Words   |  5 PagesIn the beginning of the 1930’s wrongful convictions tended to attract quite a bit of attention in the United States, but it mostly focuses on the individual cases. Some have extensively with the more visibility cases such as the Scottsboro boys, the Lindbergh baby kidnapping and murder and more recent cases like the the Randall Dale Adams case in Texas who faced wrongful conviction, imprisonment, and near execution. Some cases have the attention of the public, including the Sam Sheppard case, whichRead MoreCanadas Justice System Essay examples1503 Words   |  7 PagesCanadas Justice System It’s a common belief tha t western nations believe that their own justice system is blind, and that all people are equal before the eyes of the law. Whether or not that’s true is an entirely different scenario. Canadians take pride in our open mind approach to and acceptance of all cultures, multiculturalism is what makes this Canada so unique and great. A closer in depthRead MoreThe Decision, And Impact On Today s Criminal Justice System1024 Words   |  5 Pagesluckiest nations, because we are a free nation, and we have sets of rules and laws that help keep our society in check and accountable for our crimes if found guilty by the court of law. We also have the US Supreme Court which helps up to maintain certain laws as well as to have these laws challenged by a higher court if there is probable cause if we think there was some form of violation to one of our Amendments rights (e.g., freedom of speech, Racial profiling). Not many countries or nations have thisRead MoreMass Incarceration In Michelle Alexanders The New Jim Crow Laws1083 Words   |  5 PagesJim Crow laws were state and local laws that reinforced racial segregation in the South between the end of Reconstruction in 1877 and the beginning of the civil rights movement in the 1950’s (Urofsky). The laws mandated segregation of schools, dri nking fountains, restrooms, buses, and restaurants. In legal theory, blacks received â€Å"separate but equal† treatment under the law--in actuality, public facilities were nearly always inferior to those for whites, when they existed at all. In addition, blacksRead MoreComparing China And The United States1401 Words   |  6 PagesNo matter where one may be there will always be certain rules and regulations everyone must follow. Different nations deal with crime in many different ways based on their beliefs, policies, principals, and culture perspectives. Cross-cultural studies allow a common view of the variations, elements, and aspects of the justice systems. This paper examines the comparison of the justice system in China and the United States. Exploring the ideas and views, which include the confidence in police, informalRead MoreNational Prescription Drug Take Back Day1477 Words   |  6 PagesSaturday September 26, 2015 or so called National Prescription Drug Take B ack Day is a small part of the up and coming criminal ­justice reform that the nation has been raving about. From the war on drugs, to the prison system; the president along with congressmen and woman have been discussing this so called â€Å"reform†. Take Back Day plays a small part in the want to dispose properly of leftover drugs which can be hazardous to the environment and not allowing unused medications to be distributedRead MoreMedia and the Criminal Justice System1533 Words   |  7 PagesMedia has a strong influence on today s society and the criminal justice system. Interaction with the media continues to create problems in overcoming the racial disparities in this nation, due to crime that is committed by ethnic minorities in the media increasing racial stereotypes. Media also has a great influence and disadvantages regarding high profile criminal cases, affecting the way Americans view the criminal justice system. High exposure to the news and entertainment media has beenRead MoreRacism And Discrimination : America s Justice System1301 Words   |  6 Pagesaffects millions of people in the United States alone. Whether racial profiling somebody is appropriate or not by our law enforcement, it is an action that many people of color fall victim to. America s justice system by our constitution intends to provide justice for all; however, I believe that raci al profiling continues to deter from that goal because of its negative inflictions by our structural law enforcement, society, and cultural upbringing. Native American, Caucasians, African Americans, Asian

Flight Pattern free essay sample

The story, â€Å"Flight Pattern† written by Sherman Alexie portrayed how humanity always paint people the way they want them to be and targets groups to be prejudice. It does not matter who you are, where you are, what you are, it is a regular practice. The stereotypes, racism, sexism, and social expectations were introduced throughout the journey of the main character, William, â€Å"a little brown guy† in the story. The story took place a year after the horrific incident of â€Å"9-11†. Within this period, everyone was looking out for suspicious â€Å"little brown guys†. William was a â€Å"bows-and-arrows Indian† (275) and a salesmen who â€Å"travelled so often, the Seattle-based flight attendants knew him by first name† (271). Every time William was at the United Airline airport, â€Å"[he] always scanned the airports and airplanes for little brown guys who reeked of fundamentalism. † (270). This was because everyone was framing brown skinned people as potential terrorists. Although, William was a Red Indian, he was still profiled into the same category as a dangerous brown Taliban terrorist. We will write a custom essay sample on Flight Pattern or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, William had â€Å"been pulled over for pat-down searches about 75 percent of the time† (273). This illustrates how people discriminate a group and assume they are all the same. In reality, not all people are identified as the stereotype of their origin. For instance, William is a Spokane Indian, salmon people. However, instead of the stereotype of being a typical lazy Indian collecting Government funding, William is a proud man who is passionate about his career. Not only is racism a major stereotype, but sexism is also significant throughout the story. Although racism is a major stereotype, sexism is rather significant throughout the story too. Behind William’s back, he had to carry a wife and daughter both financially and mentally. Before having William’s daughter, Grace, his wife Marie was a corporate accountant. However, she left her job to become a full-time housewife for Grace. William is hard working man â€Å"who wanted his wife to stay at home and wait, wait, wait for him† (271). Typically, most men are the backbone of the family while the wife stays home to nurture the children. On the other hand, women do not have the freedom to be whoever they want. Besides racism and sexism, social expectations and standards are also stereotypes in many ways. For instance, the stereotype of a taxi driver is a poor person who is living on welfare. In addition, they are required to carry the luggage for their clients. When William â€Å"insisted on carrying his own bags into the hotel† (272), he was cursed by an elderly porter in Spain, because he has besieged the standard. When William caught a taxi to the United Airline, the taxi driver assumed William was a rich businessman from the good suit he wore and a house that is big and beautiful. Meanwhile, William presumed that Fekadu, is a miserable taxi driver living in poverty. In addition, he could not believe a single word of Fekadu’s story, since a graduate of Oxford should not be driving taxi. This also concludes that the occupation of a person can also become a stereotype. When an airplane lands, there is a designated location where they must land. In the same way, life is formulated by the society as displayed in the title of the short story, â€Å"Flight Pattern†. Stereotypically, black are poor uneducated, criminals, white are intelligent and filthy rich, brown are dangerous terrorists, and yellow are smart doctors. It is unfortunate that our sociality is corrupted with filters of different stereotypes and discriminations. Thus, Alexie portrayed his thoughts on to this magnificent piece.

Cultural Competence Globalized World

Question: Discuss about the Cultural Competence for Globalized World. Answer: Introduction In the globalized world, it is important to understand and embed the multi culture and its factors into deep practice in the company. It is about the health care services that are been termed and the effects of how the families and parents take into consideration about the health services that may support them to manage health factors. The parents who are actually new to Australia might have some difficulty and it is important to let them know about the health care services with cultural competence (Smith, 2011). With the ethnographic results and the study conducted while keeping in view the two community child and the nursing sites overall in the South Australia. With the given examples, it is conveniently mentioned about exploring child and the nursing criteria that appear and constructs the culture in day to day life. With this aspect of cultural competence, intercultural communication, multi culture there are better opportunities that can be described while analyzing and understanding the feminist and the postcolonial societal theory which has pervading evidence and is a non colonial constructive society at a white monoculture. This is eventually shaped in the intercultural communication practice. Improving the intercultural in family and in the development of child is reflected with the health settings that are important in nursing practices (Smith, 2007). Identify the Key Points by Grant and Luxford 2011 The key points that are been studied are discussed with a reflexive tool as such there were participants who responded with the situation and cultural competence was noticed while practicing the cultural being respectively with the parents of different linguistic and cultural differences. There were certain education issues and the professional development regarding the child care issues that is the key point which is discussed in the study. Working with different cultures, is the main element when there is a restriction in borders and inhabitants of Australia (SGS EP SGS Economics Planning, 2007). There are care frameworks that are noticeably operated while concerning a binary system that has sameness and the process of authoring that has a normative approach which is stated by the report. It has been noticed that there was a support needed for health professionals with appropriate information and an intention of work differentiating from different cultures. There was a critical position that has been enhanced with an inquiry that relates to the tools which was introduced and has been accepted all over. There are historic exploration that comprise of the gender, race and some economic inequalities that are characterized as the key points by the author. By understanding Australia that enhances the postcolonial system that incorporates the acts that are unrecognized when it comes to democracy and racism in the country. Cultural competence is important while examining the epistemological assumptions and situations and the positions that has been intercultural shaped with those practices that might be a platform which can be improved by the parents and children in nursing strategy of migrants to South Australia (Senior and Chenhall, 2007). Cultural Competence With the discussion related to the cultural competence, the study states the gap that is filled with the reflective practices with the informed and the development of the Australians in the health paradigm. There are population based approaches that are widely proposed with the services that are beyond the complexities of individual services in health care. This helps in providing the model and a framework with the therapists for the First Australians. There are programs that are related to Healthy Ears which is statewide and are for the First Australians again (SCDC, Scottish Community Development Centre, 2011). There are health promotional programs that impact a cultural competence with the community driven and well structured strong approaches. With this, there are collaborative auto ethnography that has been well used to reflect on a narrative basis and the discussions that are among the authors for cultural competence. There are basically the three frames that are entitled with the recent trends in health care which are emerged with the guidelines and the principles (Scambary, 2009). The core occupational theory, partnership and knowledge skills theories are the basic guidelines that are incorporated in the organization and for cultural safety. There are narrative excerpts that are mainly followed by the interpretation and the literature base study with its importance and findings related to the programs. The narratives about the cultural competence state the professional preparation that is mainly supported by the experts and the occupational therapists with a variety of cross culture t raining and programs in professional opportunities and there development studies (Saxena, 2011). The Key Points made by Baker and Giles (2012) For the cultural competence that has been expressed by the author, there are current approaches that are considered with the families of non Aboriginal, who have been practiced with encountering the patients that are based with the cultural sensitivity. This is an inadequate model that has been framed with the interactions of the Aboriginal patients and the Canadian family while practicing medicine that helds into health care. There was an adoption that was advocated for a cultural safety approach that has a very high level of method which is superior in its way and the training to the particular family was given to the residents regarding the medicine with an interaction of the aboriginal patients (Saxena, 2011). These are the family medicine programs that are incorporated by the government and have shown their impact over the cultural competence between both the societies and the integration of medicine with effects to the cultural safety in teaching residents of the society. These programs may help to integrate the curriculum with the colonial history and there cultural differences in medical to foster some kind of understanding that were based with the imbalances. The knowledge can then be used for the family of the residents that helps to identify the biases and this may affect the basic nature of the aboriginal patients. Adopting the family programs would be the adoption of medicine practitioners practices that might be useful in the cultural safety program and as a challenge to the concepts that are been basically addressed in the views (Sanders and Holcombe, 2008). Cultural Competence: It has been witnessed that the Aboriginal people are discriminated on the basis of cast and culture. This has been a significant and notable issue faced in Australia on the basis of education gains, personal identity and the employment. The mental wellbeing of the Aboriginal youth is highly instable due to the discrimination and differences. There are surveys which showcases that the aboriginal youth suffer from a high impact of mental illness. The study was conducted for the aboriginal youth, children and parents and was specially targeting the issue of mental illness and wellbeing. The situation of mental distress among the aboriginal youth was described as the ripple effect. There are certain events and occasions which lead into such conditions (Pope and Lewis, 2008). The death of a close person, ragging and bullying in schools and at various places, inability to access any service or disability to attend any event due to the gender or racial discrimination etc were the huge aspects and factors which contributed in the creating the ripple effect. There are various methods identified to provide respect and care to the aboriginal youth and adolescents. The huge contributing factor behind the distress and mental illness of the aboriginal youth is domination. The racial domination is a huge factor which makes the aboriginal feel low and disrespectful and leads to mental illness and stress. The loss of the cultural morals, ethics and knowledge can highly impact the identity and self respect of aboriginal youth which directly affects their wellbeing and school retention conditions (Pugh, 2006). Commonwealth of Australia The aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders do have a lot of people having different communicational needs and preferences. These are different expectations, needs and preferences from the government. There are various factors and aspects which affect these communicational needs like the location of demographic conditions, literacy ratios, the age and gender of people, the usage of technology etc. It is very important and vital to consider the communicational needs like locality and the need of accessing the governmental services. These people living in the urban area almost have the access to the high end services and information while those living in the regional and rural area have a very less and little access to the technology and services. This is a huge difference between various people and the services they have access and the local protocols and rules to imply on the communities (Reddel, 2008). It has been significantly stated that the communication between these people must be respectful and must not be affected by the cultural differences. The communication with indigenous people and government organizations must be not having any barriers regarding the cultural and racial differences and aspects. There are several past experiences and occasions where the cultural and racial discrimination has impacted the indigenous people on a high level. This must not be repeated and must be taken care of. The communication must be extremely normal and must not include and discrimination. This would lead to successful communicational relationships between people and the successful fulfillment of the purpose and needs of communication (Raymond et al, 2012). References: Pope J and Lewis JM (2008). Improving partnership governance: using a network approach to evaluate partnerships in Victoria. Australian Journal of Public Administration 67(4):44356. Pugh R (2006). Government partnerships with the Aboriginal community in Tasmania: building a stronger community to overcome family violence. A report of the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) Trial in north-east Tasmania. Canberra: Australian Government Department of Families, Housing, Community Service and Indigenous Affairs. Viewed 5 January 2013. Raymond I, McDonnell C and Wilson G (2012). NSW Aboriginal Health Promotion Program: lessons learned and ways forward. NSW Public Health Bulletin 23(34):578. Reddel T (2008). Reframing governance and service delivery by place and partnership: some ideas and lessons from Queensland. Proceedings of the Social Inclusion and Place Based Disadvantage Workshop, Brotherhood of St Laurence and the Department of Planning and Community Development, 13 June, Fitzroy, Victoria, 117. Viewed 8 January 2013. Sanders W and Holcombe S (2008). Sustainable governance for small desert settlements: learning from the multisettlement regionalism of Anmatjere Community Government Council. The Rangeland Journal 30(1):13747. Saxena NC (2011). What is meant by peoples participation? In: Cornwall A (ed.). The participation reader. London: Zed Books, 313. Scambary B (2009). Mining agreements, development, aspirations, and livelihoods. In: Altman J Martin D (eds). Power, culture, economy: Indigenous Australians and mining. CAEPR research monograph 30/2009. Canberra: ANU E Press, pp. 171201. Viewed 8 January 2013. SCDC (Scottish Community Development Centre) (2011). Community development and co production: issues for policy and practice. SCDC discussion paper 2011/02. Glasgow: SCDC. Viewed 5 January 2013. Senior K and Chenhall R (2007). Stopping sniffing is our responsibility: community ownership of a petrol-sniffing program in Arnhem Land. Health Sociology Review 16(34):31527. SGS EP (SGS Economics Planning) (2007). Evaluation of the Communities in Crisis policy. Volume 1, Evaluation report. Canberra: Australian Government Department of Families, Housing, Community Service and Indigenous Affairs. Viewed 8 January 2013. Smith D (2007). From COAG to coercion: a story of governance failure, success and opportunity in Australian Indigenous affairs. Paper presented to the Australian and New Zealand School of Government conference Governing through Collaboration: Managing Better through Others, 2829 June, Canberra. Viewed 8 January 2013. Smith D (2011). Cultures of governance and the governance of culture: Indigenous Australians and the state. PhD thesis. The Australian National University, Canberra. Viewed 12 September 2012.

Best Food Superstores

Executive Summary The â€Å"Best Food Superstores† has grown from a single grocery store to a leading superstore. These superstores offer the best selection, value and quality services. Mainly dealing in food substances, the stores have recorded sales above $42.5 million. The â€Å"Best Food Superstores† has risen to become a multibillion-dollar retailer and cooperation. Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Best Food Superstores specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is now regarded as one of the largest food retailers in the world. The â€Å"superstores† employ approximately 57, 000 associates in more than 335 different stores, manufacturing –plants, offices and distribution centres. Despite the prosperities the business is enjoying in the food market, there are several challenges that limit its profit margins. Among the limiting factors is the cost incurred by the business to offset en ergy bills (Miner, 2008). Background The â€Å"Superstores† low energy plan begun in the year 2000 when the management of the stores coined a new project which brought together representatives from different stores. This also included:- sister divisions, leading suppliers of the superstores ventilation as well as the heating and cooling equipment managers. The aim of the project was to come up with a list of implementation techniques and ideas on indoor environment, quality air, energy conservation and efficiency. The project’s mission was to ensure that the criteria put in place by the â€Å"superstores† would lead to energy costs reduction and improved profit margins. Furthermore, it was intended to enhance the stores’ competitiveness (Kerin, 2010). Statement of Problem Average families visit these superstores approximately three times a week. As the families purchase food staffs, they are not bothered by the amount it costs the stores to maintain the butter, fruits, beef, ice cream and grocery containers at the ideal temperatures. Behind these shelves of chilled meat, fresh produces and refrigerated coolers are the electric bills. These bills are a representation of one of the most significant costs in the food industry. Now that food superstores operate at profit margins that are miniscule, savings on such electric bills can easily translate into remarkable improvements in the long run. In a typical food store, money saving techniques and the implementation of a new energy equipment can ensure that the profits from the stores are increased over a given period of time. The energy saving equipments includes individual systems such as building controls, lights and freezer cases. The management of the â€Å"Best Food Superstores† settled for a different approach in dealing with this energy issue. Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The business designed a plan that would ensure that the â€Å"superstores† utilized less energy while at the same time, are environmental friendly. The organization hoped that by cutting down on energy costs, it would significantly increase the stores competitiveness and improve its profit margins (Kerin, 2010). Situation Analysis The â€Å"superstores† were designed in such a way that the installed prototype consumed approximately 25 percent less electricity compared to other designs in the business. To highlight this, the store adopted a new brand, â€Å" The Low Energy Superstore†. The use of ‘LESS’ to reduce the store’s energy consumptions translated to an annual savings approximated at about 8, 000, 000 kWh. The review and designs managed to successfully deliver a 30 percent energy saving. The retail superstores that installed natural light systems registered a significant increase in sales as this ensured that people no longer lingered and visited the stores more often than the customers in the traditional establishments. In such stores, lights were designed to focus on the stores’ products rather than the floors and ceilings. In addition, there were subtle designed features which enabled the customers to distinguish the departments easily resulting to a less stressful environment (Miner, 2008). SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis of the plan is as follows; its strength is that the concept of the plan was to result in a significant cut on costs while at the same time enhance sales. The management was in full support of the projected thus it received full backing from all departments. The weakness of this plan was that the implementation had to take into consideration the impact of the project to the adjoining residential neighborhoods in terms of the noise from the shoppers and delivery trucks, as well as storm water runoff. The opportunities before the plan were the already well establishe d patterns that ensured easy access to the site. The main threat of the designed plan was that some of the senior management did not fully trust that the plan will be effective (Kerin, 2010). Analysis of Alternatives In addition to the use of ‘LESS’, the â€Å"superstores† could, as well, make use of fewer space heaters. Furthermore, waste heat coming from refrigerators can be utilized to provide direct heating to the store and preheat hot water domestically. During winter, burners lit using natural gas may be used to supplement the free sources of heat. The savings should not only be concentrated on the inside of the store but also the outside. The ‘lot Stop’ and ‘parking lots’ are other areas outside the stores where the designs could also be applied. The lighting on the parking lots and the streets may be designed in such a way that less watts of about 150 watt bulbs could be used instead of the normal 400 watt bulbs (Kerin, 2010).Ad vertising We will write a custom case study sample on Best Food Superstores specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Recommendation The design should not just cover the conservation of energy but also, waste material. The material from the renovation and construction of the stores, especially during the plan implementation period, can be put into other use instead of being disposed. Such measures include the use of strawboard substrate in place of particle board. Implementation or Action Plan The â€Å"Best Food Superstores† design enabled the firm to operate comfortably with the innovations geared towards saving on its energy consumption. The design introduced equipments like; natural lightings such as sky lights, the use of anti-fogging glass on cooler cases, rain water management and water conservation indoors. These innovations, put together, created a conducive and pleasant environment for consumers to shop. In the long run, the stores saved money. Based on its results, the plan was easily approved by the local authority. This innovation increased the stores’ capital costs while cutting down on the operation costs. After the plan, the design became a standard procedure for the new stores. The features included in the ‘LESS’ such as the automatic dimmers and skylights, reduced reliance fluorescents, cooler doors that were energy efficient and chillers, were implemented during renovations and construction of new structures in the business (Kerin, 2010). The adapted, ‘LESS’, technology ensured that the business was cost effective. This was after offsetting the initial installation costs. The design was implemented in all the chain superstores globally and has remained as the sole the trade mark of â€Å"Best Food Superstores†. References Kerin, R. (2010). Marketing. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Miner, B. (2008). Food Stores: State Market Index. New York, NY: MarketRes earch.comAdvertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This case study on Best Food Superstores was written and submitted by user Triston I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Everson v. Board of Education - Religious Liberty

Everson v. Board of Education - Religious Liberty Under a New Jersey statute that allowed local school districts to fund the transportation of children to and from schools, the Board of Education of Ewing Township authorized reimbursement to parents forced to bus their children to school using regular public transportation. Part of this money was to pay for the transportation of some children to Catholic parochial schools and not just public schools. A local taxpayer filed suit, challenging the right of the Board to reimburse parents of parochial school students. He argued that the statute violated both the State and the Federal Constitutions. This court agreed and ruled hat the legislature did not have the authority to provide such reimbursements. Fast Facts: Everson v. Board of Education of the Township of Ewing Case Argued: November 20, 1946Decision Issued:  February 10, 1947Petitioner: Arch R. EversonRespondent: Board of Education of the Township of EwingKey Question: Did the New Jersey law authorizing reimbursement by local school boards for the costs of transportation to and from schools- including private schools, the majority of which were parochial Catholic schools- violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment?Majority Decision: Justices Vinson, Reed, Douglas, Murphy, and BlackDissenting: Justices Jackson, Frankfurter, Rutledge, and Burton  Ruling: Reasoning that the law did not pay money to parochial schools, nor did it support them directly in any way, New Jersey’s law reimbursing parents for transportation costs to parochial schools did not violate the Establishment Clause. Court Decision The Supreme Court ruled against the plaintiff, holding that the government was allowed to reimburse the parents of parochial school children for the costs incurred by sending them to school on public buses. As the Court noted, the legal challenged was based on two arguments: First, the law authorized the state to take money from some people and give it to others for their own private purposes, a violation of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Second, the law forced taxpayers to support religious education at Catholic schools, thus resulting in using State power to support religion - a violation of the First Amendment. The Court rejected both arguments. The first argument was rejected on the grounds that the tax was for a public purpose - educating children - and so the fact that it coincided with someones personal desires does not render a law unconstitutional. When reviewing the second argument, the majority decision, referencing  Reynolds v. United States: The establishment of religion clause of the First Amendment means at least this: Neither a state nor the Federal Government can set up a church. Neither can pass laws which aid one religion, aid all religions, or prefer one religion over another. Neither can force nor influence a person to go to or to remain away from church against his will or force him to profess a belief or disbelief in any religion. No person can be punished for entertaining or professing religious beliefs or disbeliefs, for church attendance or non-attendance. No tax in any amount, large or small, can be levied to support any religious activities or institutions, whatever they may be called, or whatever form they may adopt to teach or practice religion. Neither a state nor the Federal Government can, openly or secretly, participate in the affairs of any religious organizations or groups and vice versa. In the words of Jefferson, the clause against establishment of religion by law was intended to erect a wall of separation between Church and State. Amazingly, even after admitting this, the Court failed to find any such violation in collecting taxes for the purpose of sending children to a religious school. According to the Court, providing for transportation is analogous to providing police protection along the same transportation routes - it benefits everyone, and therefore should not be refused to some because of the religious nature of their end destination. Justice Jackson, in his dissent, noted the inconsistency between the strong affirmation of the separation of church and state and the final conclusions reached. According to Jackson, the Courts decision required making both unsupported assumptions of fact and ignoring actual facts which were supported. In the first place, the Court assumed that this was part of a general program to help parents of any religion get their children safely and quickly to and from accredited schools, but Jackson noted that this was not true: The Township of Ewing is not furnishing transportation to the children in any form; it is not operating school busses itself or contracting for their operation; and it is not performing any public service of any kind with this taxpayers money. All school children are left to ride as ordinary paying passengers on the regular buses operated by the public transportation system. What the Township does, and what the taxpayer complains of, is at stated intervals to reimburse parents for the fares paid, provided the children attend either public schools or Catholic Church schools. This expenditure of tax funds has no possible effect on the childs safety or expedition in transit. As passengers on the public buses they travel as fast and no faster, and are as safe and no safer, since their parents are reimbursed as before. In the second place, the Court ignored the actual facts of religious discrimination which was occurring: The resolution which authorizes disbursement of this taxpayers money limits reimbursement to those who attend public schools and Catholic schools. That is the way the Act is applied to this taxpayer. The New Jersey Act in question makes the character of the school, not the needs of the children determine the eligibility of parents to reimbursement. The Act permits payment for transportation to parochial schools or public schools but prohibits it to private schools operated in whole or in part for profit. ...If all children of the state were objects of impartial solicitude, no reason is obvious for denying transportation reimbursement to students of this class, for these often are as needy and as worthy as those who go to public or parochial schools. Refusal to reimburse those who attend such schools is understandable only in the light of a purpose to aid the schools because the state might well abstain from aiding a profit-making private enterprise. As Jackson noted, the only reason for refusing to help children going to for-profit private schools is a desire not to aid those schools in their ventures - but this automatically means that giving reimbursements to children going to parochial schools means that the government is helping them. Significance This case reinforced the precedent of government money financing portions of religious, sectarian education by having those funds applied to activities other than direct religious education.

Outline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 56

Outline - Essay Example For example, I have interacted with friends currently in this school and have admitted that they have never visited their families in years. Some even admit to forgetting their native languages. Education makes us better than our parents, and with time, most students tend to distant themselves from the parents (Rodriguez, 600). This is because they want to continue to have more education so as not to be like their parents. In this sense, education enlightens in ways that make us see our parents and our past to be outdated, and we imitate our teachers and those around us. Personally, I have had problems interacted with some members of my family who do not have the same level of education. This has distanced me from them and my traditions. Although education is good in preparing one for the future, it has a negative effect on the family life of the student. It distances us from our families and our traditional values by taking most of our time. The need to fit into the modern society has made education an important aspect of human development today. One of the most important aspects of education is its ability to expose us to different worlds and different people, thereby expanding our knowledge. This exposure helps us to connect with our families better, and provides us with opportunities to enrich our cultures and values. In the article by Richard Rodriguez (1982), the author argues that education has distanced him from his parents and traditional culture. For example, he notes that he started to spend more time reading, and began to â€Å"idolize† his teachers and started to imitate their accents (Rodriguez, 601). Unfortunately, the author does not recognize how education brings people closer to their families. For instance, I have used the time in school to read more about my culture and way of life. I have used this knowledge to interact with my parents and other family members. Unlike what is reported in the article, having new knowledge can

Explain how the Bank of England tries to manage inflation and discuss Essay

Explain how the Bank of England tries to manage inflation and discuss whether the Quantitative Easing Programme may cause higher - Essay Example The rate of inflation of the economy is jumping high. Financial analysts quote this rate of inflation as an all time high. The Bank has constantly failed to maintain the rate of inflation which has been prescribed by the government (Dimsdale, 2009). The Bank may blame the cause of the increasing inflation on external factors, but the problem mainly arose because to deal with this situation the Bank started printing money. The printing of money was not backed by gold reserves held by the Bank. Apart from this the quantity of Bank notes printed was in a very large amount (IEA, 2013). The bank is of the view that it has done the right thing. By doing this the bank has breached the government instructions of maintaining a 2% inflation rate but has successfully managed to maintain an annual rate of 5-7%. The Bank claims that this policy will ease of the debt payment. EXPLAINING THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE BANK OF ENGLAND The argument of the Bank of its actions can not be catered by the common rational of an individual. This is because no rational economy would take such an action. Printing so many currency notes will prove to be a hole in the economy. Printing extra notes will always result in more inflation then before. The rise in the inflation rate will prove to be beneficial for a few of the citizens. The rise in the inflation rate will impact the individuals as an additional tax implemented on them. The individuals will feel a prominent squeeze in the prices when paying of the utility bills or consumable goods. The government has eased the individual by implementing several tax cuts by decreasing costs and fuel prices, etc (Bell, Martyn, & Stanton, 2012). The complete economy is facing a problem of rising inflation. This is causing a problem because there are financial crisis rising due to the upcoming recession. The economy needs to deal with the situations accordingly. If it fails to do so then the people of that economy would be facing huge problems. This is the reason why it has become necessary for the economy to use quantitative easing. This will raise the flow of funds within the society. By taking these actions the economy can survive the effects of recession (Anderson, Gascon, & Liu, 2010). The result of quantitative easing will be rising amounts of inflation and hence devaluing the real value of the currency. This action taken by the Bank of England will raise the inflation of the country due to the devaluation of the currency. The set of standards of the government are not being followed appropriately, in this case, and for this reason the economy has a low annual inflation rate but the instant rate of inflation is high. The debt repayment of the economy can also be done easily to reduce the debt of the economy. Quantitative ease is the process which is used to manage and reduce the debt instantly. The rationale behind this action will ensure that the economy will become successful in eliminating the debt but the currency will deval ue resulting in a higher inflation rate (Breedon, Chadha, & Waters, 2012; Cobham & Kang, 2011). Any central bank which does not want inflation to occur will not use the qualitative pricing technique to cover up with the shortage of the funds. The usage of the printing of currency notes will surely result in a higher inflation rate (de Rezende, 2011). QUANTITATIVE EASING When the standard

Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Questions - Essay Example Other aspects of diversity include education levels, religion, sexual orientation and personality types (Rice, 2005). Effective management of diversity within an organization can be a source of competitive advantage in business. A competitive advantage refers to a marketing action that a company employs that sets it apart from its competitors. To understand how diversity can affect a firms competitive advantage or competition, in general, it is essential to explore some of the benefits of diversity to an organization. Firstly, diversity brings a great variety of opinions and viewpoints to an organization. In a case where the management wishes to make a decision, the difference in opinion, as presented by different members, gives a broad perspective of the subject. This will lead to the selection of the best possible set of actions that can yield best results. Restricted or few opinions can be misleading resulting in poor business decisions that might not compete fairly in a business environment. Secondly, diversity can result in a wide range of talents in an organization. A variety of talent is a major contributor to the efficiency of a firm. Matching the different talents to the different tasks in an organization will lead to better execution of tasks. Efficiency in tasks is a major competitive advantage. This is because efficiency in production can lower the costs of production, and the saved resources can be channeled elsewhere within the firm for improvement of services. Finally, the diversity of a firm is a basis for the provision of a wider range of services. In marketing, for instance, cultural diversity of a firm can play a major role in reaching a broader market. An organization with a workforce of diverse cultural background is better placed to reach a multicultural market. It is possible to achieve this by understanding the different requirements of the cultures and the language to

Streptococcus Pyogenes Overview

Streptococcus Pyogenes Overview The beta-hemolytic bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes formally belongs to the family Streptococcaceae, where it is known to be the most pathogenic bacterium out of its entire genus because of the wide spectrum of diseases it is known to cause. However, Streptococcus pyogenes is a ubiquitous, facultative anaerobic bacterium that can be located in the nasal passageways of some healthy individuals due to its ideal environment for microbes. It is a gram positive bacteria that is classified as a group A Streptococci (GAS) that is unique in its ability to cause a wide range of different onsets of illness in its host such as tonsillitis, scarlet fever, cellulitis, erysipelas post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, necrotizing fasciitis, myonecrosis and lymphangitis. The name Streptococcus is a derivative from the Greek word Streptos meaning easily twisted or to bend and likewise to pyogenes which is a derivative from the word pyogenic, which is a classification for Streptococci that are compat ible with pus formation. Humans are the common reservoir for Streptococcus pyogenes which is capable of causing an array of different symptoms depending on the direct illness it is inflicting on its host. However, it is commonly known for being the culprit behind Streptococcal pharyngitis (Strep throat), where it can cause a mild to severe sore throat accompanied with a fever, tender/swollen lymph nodes and irritated tonsils. It is highly successful in its fast commute from one person to the next. The transmission can be as simple and innocent as the swap of nasal or throat secretions via airborne droplets or from sharing contaminated food and drinks. Strep throat shows no discrimination in the ages it infects. Although, it tends to be more prevalent in young children. Even though Strep throat is highly contagious it is typically a short lived illness that is easily treated by health care providers with the proper course of anti-biotics. If left untreated or mistreated complications such as rheumatic fever c an arise, which is the bodys over driven immune response to the infection. On the other end of the spectrum Streptococcus pyogenes can cause a more detrimental onset of symptoms with the disease known as Necrotizing Fasciitis (The flesh eating disease). Necrotizing Fasciitis is a rare inflammatory infection that promptly targets the fascia and subcutaneous tissues leaving painful blisters and redness on the surface of the infected areas of skin. The symptoms commonly associated with this disease range from flu-like symptoms, the presence of boil-like blisters, discoloration, infrequent urination and significant swelling of the infected area. It is generally spread through direct contact with open or infected wounds on individuals. Unlike Strep throat, Necrotizing Fasciitis is not as commonly seen or as easily treated. It has a high mortality rate, with 1 out of 4 infected people dying from it. ( SITE). However, healthy individuals who practice proper daily hygiene typically dont hav e to worry about becoming infected with Necrotizing Fasciitis. People who are at a greater risk include those who have had recent surgery, a compromised immune system , abrasions on the skin, diabetes, cancer, have had previous surgery etc. Streptococcus pyogenes is a non-sporing bacterium that is non-motile in nature and can be observed in chains and clumps of cocci that are less than 2  µm in length, producing impressive sized colonies greater than 0.5 mm. There are several different unique M serotypes that contribute to the different diseases caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Some of strains of M serotypes include Streptolysin O, Streptolysin S, Streptodornase, Streptococcal chemokine protease, Hyaluronidase, Streptokinase, etc. Streptolysin O is a toxin that works on the cell membranes permeability in order to allow for more adequate uptake of larger charged molecules. Streptolysis S†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Clinical Significance. Streptococcus Pyogenes is self- equipped with many virulence factors that are highly advantageous in its evasion of the hosts immune response in order to make it every bit of possible to establish a productive infection within its host. Initially lipoteichoic aid (LTA) allow for the bacteria to establish an adhering relationship between the cellular surface or mucosa of epithelial cells.(depending on the area of attachment). Protein F (Fibronectin binding protein) comes in and acts as a strong binding reinforcer between the bacteria and its surface of chosen attachment. However, all the while if the bacterium entered through the mouth it may be encountered with secretory IgA antibody in the saliva trying to counter the effects of the antigens on its surfaces to loosen the bacterium. The successful bacterium than quickly begin replicating and colonizing the appealing greater surface area on the tonsils, causing swollen lymph glands and tissue damage as the bacte rium produces compounds like Hyaluronidase to degrade the mammalian cells. The secretions of bradykinins and chemokines result due to the hosts tissue damage which initiate the process of inflammation. The increase of inflammation as well as the rapid ongoing bacterium replication results in the sequence of many immune cells, specifically being neutrophils, macrophages, T-cells, B-cells and dendritic cells. The swollen glands are a direct result of the T -cells increasingly occupying the tonsils while the appearance of yellow pus in the back of the throat is result of the demise of neutrophils. The M protein along with an outer hyaluronic acid capsule aid the bacteria in resisting phagocytosis. All the while pyogenes has established mechanisms to counter specific responses of the host immune response such as T-cell proliferation, counter against neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), degradation of IgG,etc.

An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley :: Papers

An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley Priestley set the play before the First World War because . . . . . . . .  · Wanted to show what life was like with a rigid class system, For example Gerald and Eva would not marry.  · Wanted to show what life was like with no unemployment benefit.  · In 1945 people had mixed much more to help each other during the war.  · There were plans for state support for health and unemployment.  · Priestley wants people to decide which kind of life is better for people 1912 or 1945. Priestley makes sure the audience knows things the characters don't. How does this affect our understanding of the characters? Priestley makes sure the audience knows things the characters do not. This allows us to form an opinion of Mr Birling. For example . . . . . . . .  · Mr Birling says the Titanic will not sink.  · Mr Birling says there will not be a war.  · Mr Birling seems to think he can see into the future.  · This makes Mr Birling seem arrogant and stupid.  · Mr Birling thinks he's very important, but we can see faults in him. Why did he use a family like the Birlings? Priestley used a family like the Birlings because . . . . . . .  · They are rich and self satisfied.  · They only care about money and themselves.  · They use their power to hurt other people, for example, Sheila got the girl sacked  · He wants us to see how unfair life is if people like the Birlings are in charge. Who, or what is the Inspector? The Inspector could be several things. He could be . . . . . . .  · Could be their conscience  · Could be their imagination  · Could be supernatural because he knows such a lot about them When does he appear? Why is this important? How does Priestley make sure we see him as unusual?

Critical Thinking Questions- Ap World Essay

1. Discuss the fate of the indigenous populations of the United States, Canada and Latin America. How did their fate relate to the sense of mission in each area? During the 19th and early 20th centuries, many of the indigenous people were treated unfairly and no respect was given for either them or their land. Many of these natives were forced off their land and left homeless because industries wanted to use the land for industrial purposes. In places like the United States, the government would often kick the natives of their land in order for the land to be used for new settlers and railroads. Because of such treatment, many natives were forced to migrate away from their homelands. Later on, the governments started to pass laws and reforms to try to force many of the Native Americans to convert to the white way of life and give up their lands more willingly. The Trail of Tears began when these Native Americans were forced to move away. The Trail of Tears represented the quick and abrupt movement of these people from their homelands who were forced to migrate in order to find a new home to live in. In many other areas, like Canada, many of the natives even took a stand and started to fight back. In Canada, a native named Louis Riel started to take charge of the indigenous people as well as the metis, and began to lead his people as they worked toward their rights. Eventually, Riel and his new government were dismantled and sent to live in exile. During this time, construction had begun on the railroads, which had threatened the settlement of the indigenous people. Although the indigenous people fought hard, the Canadians had dominated and continued to use their land in the west for industrial reason. Over in Latin America, the indigenous people were being pushed off of their homelands by the Creole elites as they attempted to raise a claim on American lands which would be used for agricultural purposes, as well as ranching. The creoles began to establish Euro-American hegemony which allowed them to have an easier time taking over the land. 2. Examine the picture of Emiliano Zapata on page 859. What role did he play in Mexican history? What role did peasants and social stresses play in Latin American history? Emiliano Zapata was definitely on the most influential people in the Mexican Revolution during the 20th centuries. He worked alongside Francisco Pancho Villa to lead the lower classes. Zapata was a very charismatic person and was able to organize massive armies to fight for land and liberty, or tierra y libertad. He challenged the Mexican government and political control along with Villa. He confiscated hacienda lands and distributed them to the peasants. Both he and Villa managed to avoid being captured by both the U.S. and Mexican forces. Zapata, no matter how popular and powerful he became, never managed to capture any of Mexico’s major cities. He was killed in 1919 after being captured by government forces. This successfully ended the Mexican Revolution. And yet, if all of the workers, peasants, and middle class people not joined the fight, there might not even had been a revolution or even a constitution. These people began to feel the social stresses between them and the upper classes over the estates. This caused them to join in the revolution in hopes of a better life. La Reforma played a major role in forming these social stresses because when the attempt to create a small independent farm society by redistributing land, it failed because the land was bought up by the upper-class and transformed into plantations and haciendas. To conclude, the forms of social stresses; such as class division, rebellion, and caudillo rule, and civil war lead to a period of instability and conflict in Mexican history.

The Chemistry of How Borax Works as a Cleaner

The Chemistry of How Borax Works as a Cleaner What Is Borax? Borax (also known as sodium borate decahydrate; sodium pyroborate; birax; sodium tetraborate decahydrate; sodium biborate) is a natural mineral compound (Na2B4O7 10H2O). It was discovered over 4000 years ago. Borax is usually found deep within the ground, although it has been mined near the surface in Death Valley, California since the 1800s. Although it has numerous industrial uses, in the home borax is used as a natural laundry booster, multipurpose cleaner, fungicide, preservative, insecticide, herbicide, disinfectant, dessicant, and ingredient in making slime. Borax crystals are odorless, whitish (can have various color impurities), and alkaline. Borax is not flammable and is not reactive. It can be mixed with most other cleaning agents, including chlorine bleach. How Does Borax Clean? Borax has many chemical properties that contribute to its cleaning power. Borax and other borates clean and bleach by converting some water molecules to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This reaction is more favorable in hotter water. The pH of borax is about 9.5, so it produces a basic solution in water, thereby increasing the effectiveness of bleach and other cleaners. In other chemical reactions, borax acts as a buffer, maintaining a stable pH needed to maintain cleansing chemical reactions. The boron, salt, and/or oxygen of boron inhibit the metabolic processes of many organisms. This characteristic allows borax to disinfect and kill unwanted pests. Borates bonds with other particles to keep ingredients dispersed evenly in a mixture, which maximizes the surface area of active particles to enhance cleaning power. Risks Associated With Using  Borax Borax is natural, but that does not mean it is automatically safer for you or for the environment than man-made chemicals. Although plants need boron, too much of it will kill them, so borax can be used as an herbicide. Borax may also be used as an insecticide to kill roaches, ants, and fleas. In fact, it is also toxic to people. Signs of chronic toxic exposure include red and peeling skin, seizures, and kidney failure. The estimated lethal dose (ingested) for adults is 15-20 grams; less than 5 grams can kill a child or pet. For this reason, borax should not be used around food. More commonly, borax is associated with skin, eye, or respiratory irritation. It is also important to point out that exposure to borax may impair fertility or cause damage to an unborn child. Now, none of these risks mean that you shouldnt use borax. If you do a bit of research, you will find risks associated with all cleaning products, natural or man-made. However, you do need to be aware of product risks so that you can use those products properly. Dont use borax around food, keep it out of reach of children and pets, and make sure you rinse borax out of clothes and off of surfaces before use.

Body Plans of Animals essays

Body Plans of Animals essays 1. All animals have body plans that are modifications from an original ancient ancestral animal body plan. This is proven with the similarities between different animals. The rat, dogfish shark, crayfish, pigeon and squid all have both a central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. This shows that they all are interrelated. Also, their respiratory systems are all similar. All the listed animals need oxygen, they just get it in different ways. The rat and pigeon take in oxygen while the dogfish shark, crayfish and squid all use gills to receive oxygen. 2. The evolutionary development of body plans ranges from the simplest to the most complex. Some animals that are complex are the rat and pigeon. The rat has bones similar to the human. The pigeon also has bones, but they are lightweight which allows them to fly with ease. The squid is an example of an animal with simple body plans. They do not live long and have no bones. Their skeletal system has very little structure. I believe that if the chordate is the most complex phylum, the most simple is the mellesca. The order I would put them in from simplest to most complex would be: squid, crayfish, dogfish shark, rat and pigeon. 3. a. The special adaptations of the rat are its ability to keep itself cool with its tail b. The rat eats food with its mouth. The process of breaking down its food starts in the salivary glands. It continues through the esophagus and into the stomach where the food c. An incomplete digestive system is where a single opening serves as the mouth and anus of the organism. A complete digestive system is where there are two openings, a mouth and anus. Rats have complete digestive systems. d. Rats breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. e. Rats have closed circulatory systems. A closed circulatory system is one where the blood stays closed inside veins and tubes. An open circula ...

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Assignment - Essay Example This will help in assessing in determining company’s ability to meet interest and principal repayment obligations. 2. Company’s balance sheet suggests an increase of $35,990.00 during a period 2011-12 in the value of inventory. This risk area will be examined by carrying out substantive procedures to confirm the existence of inventory and its value. 3. Company’s overall financial statements including balance sheet and income statement will be evaluated for compliance with the accounting standards set out by FASB or GAAP. This will also include the assessment of information systems responsible for preparation and reporting. Conducting interviews during an audit aims at gathering both verbal and non-verbal cues using concrete, unambiguous and descriptive language for questions and replies. The interviews are carried out of those individuals who are responsible and have the knowledge of the areas under audit review. The interviews will be conducted by the auditor to gather useful information regarding various aspects of the business and its sufficiency and appropriateness will be assessed. Non-verbal cues are important at the same time as they point out reactions of interviewee to different questions and allow auditors to ask follow on questions to probe further. Important risk areas will be examined by gathering evidence from different sources including physical examination of inventory, financial statements, internal documents and information systems. In the particular case of Torpus, auditor should raise concern regarding the event that took place at the restaurant which suggests that Mr. Ronaldâ€⠄¢s credit card did not work and he could have problems regarding Statement on Auditing Standards No. 106 provides guidelines for gathering reliable audit evidence from inquiry, observation, inspection and analytical procedures. Auditors need to have a

Leadership Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership Analysis - Essay Example Leadership qualities in the roles of such characters as Brian Cassidy, Elliot Stabler, Amanda Rollins, Nick Amaro, Fin Tutuola, John Munch, and Olivia Benson come into sharp focus as cases of sexual assault characterize their daily duties (Green, Dawn & Wolf, 2009). Viewers have a chance to witness the backdrop of the most thrilling and bizarre occurrences of the conditions facing their victims and the overwhelming interrogations the detectives involve the suspects. Personal skills, character traits remain as the most overt leadership qualities in the twelve series show. This research paper examines the extent to which human involvement employ the leadership theories as seen in the T.V series, Law & Order: Special Victim Unit. Law & Order: Special Victims Unit is a fascinating T.V series, a crime drama of the Law $ Order (Green, Dawn & Wolf, 2009). It is a daily activity of detectives, who work in the Special Victim Unit of the 16th Precinct. This unit, set from the New York City Pol ice Department, centers on crimes related to rape, sexual attack, and child molestation. All these are inhumane acts and subject to the Holy book are punishable. The unit captures all other closely related to domestic mistreatment such as household cruelty, kidnapping, and child desertion. Since its premiere in 1999, the series has largely featured four detectives, who tirelessly work for the unit (Green, Dawn & Wolf, 2009). As the program is in a season series format many seasons, in most of them, five detectives seem to run the show under the leadership of Donald Cragen. For the detectives work to be complete and decisive, the unit has a prosecutor assigned form the DA’s office. The main role of the prosecutor is to interact with the assigned examiners and the unit’s psychiatrist George Huang (Green, Dawn & Wolf, 2009). As the series unfolds into the different seasons, related characters come in full view. Series is largely about things, which need continual talking throughout our daily lives. The detective’s moves and involvements focus on things that everyone sees only in cable news, and this makes domestic crime revelation that it is a serious act of violation. The series creates awareness to its viewers. This makes the cases and the characters a big part of why the series has had a long and a successful run. As viewers watch the detectives run through daily operations, one gets a mixer of different people operating on a different level of thinking, and operations. Even though the show is enjoyable, and its content interesting, some of the scenes are downright offensive. Viewers can see the leadership rationale employed by the protagonist of the show in making some decision sometimes going beyond human ethics. For example, the detectives make entries into people’s lives and homes without consideration of their cultural, religious, or lifestyle practices. This goes beyond the Biblical principle of extending honor unto others. As much the operations of any police department deserve no boundaries in pursuit of justice towards their clients, the unit leadership ethics should have embraced some decency. As a viewer, sometimes you would wonder why this policing system in the unit beat up suspects, sometimes with no consequences. Does it mean that the legal system they use is purely for their own gain? According to the Holy Law, any interrogation should be subjective and none-coaxing. For example, in some scenes

Real Estate Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Real Estate Principles - Essay Example Ethics in real estate One of the greatest obstacles that affect the growth of real estate industry is lack of ethics. This is based on the fact that most of the real estate buyers are not aware of the intention and operations of the realtors. In their efforts to get adequate information regarding the problems facing the real estate industry, most governments involve real estate institutes. However, most of these institutes are made up of real estate agents who are focused at exploiting consumers in their efforts to maximize profits (William and Donald, 1995). To ensure ethics are upheld during the transaction between the realtors and the property owners or buyers, National Association of Realtors has specified code of ethics that all its members are under obligation to follow. This course has widened my knowledge on how to uphold ethics during my future assignment as a real estate agent when dealing with my clients, public as well as other members of National Association of Realtors. Duties to clients Articles 1 to 9 of the National Association of Realtors code of ethics, regulates the way the real agents relate with their clients (William and Donald, 1995). ... Duties to the public Articles 10 of the National Association of Realtors code of ethics forbids agents from discriminating their clients on the basis of color, sex, religion, race or nationality. Other key aspects that are dealt with by articles 10 to 14 depicts that agents should not provide services that they are not competent in, contacting a lawyer in cases the agency has no authority to practice law and avoiding misleading advertisements. Duties to other members National Association of Realtors code of ethics depicts that agents should not make untrue statements about their competitors. In addition, it forbids agents from transacting business with clients who are exclusively owned by other agents. Legal Aspects of Real Estate Based on the fact that real estate covers immovable properties, minerals, bushes, water among others, real estate and property law covers wide range of aspects. It is worth noting that different countries have put in place various regulation that seek to co ntrol the operations of agencies and transfer of property. As a result of the inconsistency of the property laws, initiating legal procedure has become a complex practice that calls for proper coordination among all the stakeholders. This course has exposed me to major issues that are covered by real estate and property laws include purchasing of property, landlord issues, transfer of movable and immovable property, settlements of claims, property development, foreclosures, land use and zoning, home loans among others. This section discusses major aspects of property and real estate law adopted by various countries. Property and Real Estate Law adopted by US Real Property, Trust and Estate Law Sections Real Property, Trust and Estate

The Rise of Christianity in the Roman Republic Essay Example for Free

The Rise of Christianity in the Roman Republic Essay Throughout the Roman republic and most of the empire, the Roman religion was polytheistic. The religion was based on the Greek religion and included multiple gods and goddesses who were anthropomorphic and cruel. However, during the first century of the Common Era, Judaism and â€Å"mystery religions† such as Mithraism, Eleusis, and Christianity were becoming increasing popular. Roman rule tried to control the spread of these religions but eventually Christianity became the chief religion of Rome and its empire. In the early stages of these new religions, Rome was surprisingly tolerant. Many rulers allowed citizens to practice these religions and asked only for simple patriotism and to recognize the holidays of Roman gods. Most Jews and Christians were uncooperative with this notion. In fact, many radical Jews and Christians emerged. A notable radical Jesus, who was an orthodox Jew, led and taught â€Å"the good news† to his followers. This stubborn disobedience enraged rulers such as Nero and Diocletian, who ordered for many Christian persecutions. Diocletian ordered that churches and sacred books be destroyed throughout the Empire. Nero is best known for a devastating fire which was rumored to have been started by Nero himself. He tried to end these rumors by punishing many Christians as a distraction. Persecutions were common and often resulted in death. Women were persecuted the same as men. Christians accepted Jesus as their messiah after he had been put to a gruesome death under the orders of Pilate. At this time, the Roman Empire was in economic turmoil and Christian persecutions were its last attempt at control. A major turning point in the history of Christianity occurred in 312 of the current era. The story is told that Constantine, Roman emperor during this time, had a dream telling him to decorate his shield with the Greek letters for Christ. When he did so and was victorious during battle, Constantine decided that he would convert to Christianity. Constantine also ended all persecutions and allowed all Christians to worship freely. Theodosius the Great took the work of Constantine a step further. He forbade any religion to be practiced except Christianity. This movement gave many more privileges to the church. Churches could now own property and were exempt from certain taxes. Christians were finally free to live and worship. The phenomenon of Christianity was not a battle won easily. There were many cruel and devastating punishments to those who practiced against Roman religion. Men and women were put to death or forced into hiding in the first century. However, as the population of Christians grew rapidly, Roman law found it necessary to revise laws and allow Christianity within the Empire. Christians had won the victory of faith and progressed onward through history.

The Development of the Hero in Little Women Essay -- Louisa May Alcott

  Louisa May Alcott furnishes a probing look at the hero through recognition of how the imaginary hero of romantic fiction is not always the ideal while bringing the reader to see the heroic in the everyday lives of four young women with the primary emphasis falling on Jo. In the chapter, "Castles in the Air," as each of the characters envisions the distant future (ten years hence anyway), Jo remarks, "I want to do something splendid before I go into my castle-- something heroic or wonderful that won't be forgotten after I'm dead. I don't know what, but I'm on the watch for it, and mean to astonish you all some day" (Alcott 133). As the book progresses, many references are made to show the shallowness that has begun to be associated with the heroic. ". . . Laurie heroically shut his eyes . . ." (Alcott 264). "Fred is not my model hero" (Alcott 294). Finally, Jo focuses the conflict in recognizing the heroic when she reaches the point of realizing that she "preferred imaginary heroes to real ones, because when tired of them, the former could be shut up in the tin kitchen till called for, and the latter were less manageable" (Alcott 298). With Jo March, Alcott presents a modern young woman in a day when women were very much relegated to a specific role within the home. From the opening pages of the book, Jo exhibits a unique strength of character that refuses to be molded to the traditional form. She longs to be a boy, primarily because of the opportunities available to the male in society. However, taking her unusual family upbringing and applying it to Jo's determination to be different creates an individual who is heroic in her strength and courage to stand out in society and her ability to share that quality with othe... ...he wife and mother. Rather, she insists that she will carry her share and help in the earning of the home as a condition of marriage (Alcott 438).    Jo's journey to the heroic ultimately leads her to a role where her life is spent in giving herself to others, shaping them to be themselves while still maintaining proper place in the grand scheme of things. Through her characterization, a hero is fully developed as one with the strength of character that allows one to be uniquely different while seeking always to help others in the journey of life by placing them ahead of oneself. Jo's heroic act that will not be forgotten after she's dead, only a dream as a young lady, is realized through the lives she touches and the future generations she ultimately affects.    Works Cited Alcott, Louisa. Little Women. Intro. Ann Douglas. NY: Signet Classic, 1983.

My Most Beneficial Personal Quality

I have taken advantage of the education opportunities presented me thus far to prepare for college in many ways. First and foremost I have ensured that I have enjoyed a wide variety of classes and electives to provide me the opportunity to explore as broad a subject selection as possible. Most of the courses I have focused on in my senior year have been college preparatory. College preparation however is much more than academics alone. I have also experienced many educational opportunities that exist outside the realm of traditional ‘academics'. These experiences have prepared me more so for my college experiences than my preparatory courses. I have for example faced many challenges while growing up. During my four years of high school I engaged in a variety of extracurricular activities and clubs that taught me much more about the ways that people interact and communicate than I ever would have initially assumed. Participating in many volunteer organizations and student achievement groups, I realized that not two people interact in the same way. Most people I learned are products of many different elements including their beliefs, values, morals and faith. One's religious ideals, culture and even familial upbringing can all influence their perceptions on life, their ability and motivation to interact with others and their desire to achieve. With this knowledge I learned new and exciting ways to interact with people, even those that were very different from me and with those that held very different beliefs. In fact in most of my pursuits I found myself drawn to those with conflicting ideals and moralisms, in part because they challenges me to learn more about myself and question the beliefs I held true about the world in which we live. I believe it is through these types of interactions that we actually learn everything there is to know of the world. We need to rely on people that challenge us and our views so we open our eyes and get a better understanding of the world in which we live. I feel these diverse educational experiences while not academic, have prepared me for life in the university more so than any classroom instruction may have or will in the future. I bring to the University of California a unique ability to network and work personally with people. By far my most beneficial personal quality is my ability to build relationships and communicate with a wide diversity of people from varying backgrounds, cultures and environments. In today's society it is vital for anyone to understand the importance of interpersonal skills and relationships both on a personal and from a professional perspective. More and more the world is operating in a global business environment. Modern technology has afforded people the opportunity to communicate from once remote locations. What this means is that people from all over the world with all manner of different morals, values and beliefs are not just communicating with one another but also working together to create a better world. As members of a global society I feel it is vital that we all have the ability to communicate effectively with one another. Sometimes this takes the guidance and direction of a true interpersonal leader. I believe I am possessed of those traits. I have throughout my high school career taken great care to interact with people from various backgrounds and ethnicities. I have participated in multiple groups, clubs and organizations that have enabled better exposure to different people and have helped me learn better ways to communicate with one another. I have also witnessed first hand what happens when communication goes bad, and have since committed myself to facilitating solid communications and interactions between people. I believe this personal trait will benefit the University of California in many ways. The University of California is one of the nations top universities; home to thousands of unique students and home of many of the nations top academic programs. Early on I knew that more than anything I wanted to pursue the best education I could afford. To succeed in today's world business professionals and students must be possessed of a wide range of skills that are best learned in a University environment. I feel that throughout my life I have already faced many unique challenges and obstacles. I was not always a committed student, lacking the insight and motivation necessary to excel in my classes early on. However experience has taught me that little in the world is more valuable than an education. Every day on the news we hear stories of tragedy. Hurricanes that devastate infamous regions, terrorism that destroys the livelihood and communities of varying regions†¦ these are all modern realities we must learn to cope with. To address the often-turbulent environment we live in today, it is vital that we all commit ourselves to one another and our communities. I feel that I can best do this by excelling in my education. Through my university education I hope to learn not only of the fine nuances of other communities, but also about key demographics about the worlds' population and needs entering the upcoming decades.

Theology in the Chronicles of Narnia the Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe

RELAMPAGOS, Nicola Liane C. POSADAS, Klarizze FINAL PROJECT: The Chronicles of Narnia The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe is the first book in the Chronicles of Narnia series written by CS Lewis. The book series was such a great success that in 2008, the first book was turned into a film. What many people may not realize is that CS Lewis wrote the book series with a specific goal in mind: to showcase the word of God to different parts of the world through an artistic lens. This paper will focus on the theological nature of CS Lewis’ book based film, The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe.This will include a number of noticeable parallelisms, allusions and symbolisms found in said work. Although The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe was originally a published book, this paper will focus on the film adaptation of the book. One of the noticeable symbolisms in the movie would be found in the main character s of the film: Aslan, the Witch and the children. Aslan was portrayed as the original king of Narnia and when Narnia was held deep in the clutches of the White Witch, Narnias looked to Aslan as their redeemer.Aslan was also the one who died so that Edmund may live. He was the only one who was capable of defeating the White Witch. Aslan in the film was an artistic representation of Jesus Christ. The parallelism found in the resurrection of Christ, his absorbing of our sins and overcoming death is seen in the depiction The Witch, on the other hand, represents Satan. It was the White Witch who covered Narnia in snow: no sign of life, simply cold and dead. The Witch is consumed in her own vanity and the longing to fully overcome Aslan and rule over Narnia forever.It isn’t clearly stated, but it is seen in certain parts of the movie that The Witch feared Aslan: when the Witch spoke out of turn after their agreement and Aslan roared at her and she quickly sat down in fear of him. M uch like the Witch, Satan will always be inferior to God but will always try to put himself about Christ but will never achieve such. Lastly, the four children (Lucy, Edmund, Peter and Suzan) are human beings. They represent four different kinds of people who have different encounters with God.For Peter, he is the skeptical type of Christian. One who is doubtful by how God can use him to help build God’s kingdom, yet at times he forgets that it is only Christ who can defeat evil and not by his strength alone. Edmund is the type of Christian who has sinned and fallen short many times along the road before choosing to love and follow Christ. While Suzan is the type of Christian who has consistently doubted whether or not Christ, even really exists before fully trusting God with the things that don’t seem to make sense.Lastly, Lucy represents the Christians who just love, follow and dedicate their lives to Christ without hesitation and without doubt. Lucy’s childli keness showcases how Christians should love and trust Christ with our lives. Since the four children can be seen as symbolisms of human beings, their relationship with Aslan shows a lot about the grace, mercy and overall character of God. One of the main examples where this is seen is the grace that Aslan showed to Edmund who was a traitor.Despite Edmunds’ choice to prioritize Turkish delight over his family and his right as one of the king of Narnia, Aslan still accepted Edmund into his army and not only that Edmund still inherited the kingdom of Narnia not by his own works but by Aslan’s choice. Much like the plot of the movie, Christ will continue to accept sinners into his family despite what they have done in the past. As Aslan said, â€Å"What’s done is done, we need not speak to Edmund about what has happened anymore† this has a similar message in Philippians â€Å"I focus on all my energy on one thing: Forgetting what lies behind and focusing on what’s ahead†.Also, Edmund’s choice to pursue Turkish delight over his unmerited right to be a king of Narnia, is similar to the story in the Bible of how Esau gave up his birthright to Jacob for a bowl of stew. Both Edmund and Esau’s common mentality was the seeing the situation only at the present and forgetting the eternal value and purpose of their lives. But despite Edmund’s decision, Aslan accepted his presence with open arms, which is a similar characteristic to the story of the Prodigal Son.True sacrifice is an act that any human being can never really fathom, due to the only considered true sacrifice that was only made by God Himself by offering his own son to the world that is bound to perish in eternal debt of sin. In the movie, true sacrifice was first depicted through the following event, which was the acceptance of Edmund despite of his treason towards Aslan and his own brothers and sisters. Without the mistake that Edmund committed ea rlier in the movie, true sacrifice would have not been clearly depicted.The scene where Edmund was enticed by the Witch’s offer of Turkish delight and then the throne shows a great parallel of how the world committed the very first sin, the original sin. Adam and Eve were tempted by the devil, who took the form a snake and they were blinded by the temptation of knowledge that was offered by the apple. Same goes to Edmund, he succumbs to the lavish offers of the Witch that led to his treason towards his siblings. In the end, Aslan accepts Edmund despite his betrayal and also became the emancipator from the Witch.This selfless act then led to the suffering and supposed death of Aslan. The altruism that Aslan performed is an exact parallel to the suffering of Christ, which was the crucifixion. With such altruistic acts of both Aslan and Jesus Christ, it is believed that their sacrifices are yet to be unvarnished. No one in this world is capable of such because only the savior ca n absorb the sins of the world. In the movie, Aslan was put to death and was humiliated in front of the presence of many followers of the Witch by cutting off his mane, which is parallel to Christ’s crown of thorns.The Witch wanted to show her iron fist by showing the execution of Aslan in public, which only goes to show that she fears Aslan. She needs the approval of many, for her to feel superior over him. Although she thought she had succeed with the humiliation and execution, little did the Witch know that Aslan was to come back to life and save his followers despite their treason. The representation of Christ’s suffering and resurrection was fairly accurate; the breaking of the stone table which Aslan’s body was left behind is aligned to the opening of Christ’s tomb.In addition, Aslan was first seen back to life by the girls, which in the film were Susan and Lucy, and just like Christ who appeared to the women first (Mary and Mary Magdalene; found in Matthew 28:9). The movie then proceeds to the war between good and evil, which illustrates the consistent internal battle inside every human mind. When Aslan came back to life, he did not eradicate the battle between the Narnians and the forces of the Witch. But instead, the battle continued on even to the point that the Narnians began to face defeat.This shows that although the Jesus Christ overcame death, there will still be an internal battle between good and evil within us. In the film, Peter and Edmund try to lead the battle against the forces of The Witch and even tried to kill her but their attempts only would lead to death. It is only when Aslan comes into the picture, that he is not only able to breathe life back into the dead but also defeat the Witch. This is an artistic depiction of how human beings cannot overcome death by their strength alone. It is only Christ’s power that Satan is fully defeated.Therefore during spiritual battles within humans, one was surren der and acknowledges that he cannot do it by themselves and it is only by God’s help that we can overcome evil. Lastly, Aslan’s words after he defeated the Witch were a direct parallelism to the words that Jesus Christ utters when he defeated death on the cross: â€Å"It is finished†. The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe film holds a great number of theoretical references but the major and more obvious events would be the characterization of Asaln, the Witch and the three children, Aslan’s sacrifice and battle between the two forces.

Free Essays on Collectivization

Collectivization Collectivization policy adopted by the Soviet government, pursued most intensively between 1929 and 1933, to transform traditional agriculture in the Soviet Union and to reduce the economic power of the kulaks. Kulaks was the label give to prosperous peasants. Under collectivization the peasantry were forced to give up their individual farms and join large collective farms or kolkhozy. The process was ultimately undertaken in conjunction with the campaign to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly. But before the drive began, long and bitter debates over the nature and pace of collectivization went on among the Soviet leaders, especially between Stalin and Trotsky, 1925-27, and between Stalin and Nikolay Bukharin, 1927-29. Some Soviet leaders considered collective farms a socialist form of land tenure and therefore desirable; but they advocated a gradual transition to them in order to avoid disrupting the agricultural productivity necessary to stimulate industrial growth. Other leaders favoured rapid industrialization and, consequently, wanted immediate, forced collectivization; they argued not only that the large kolkhozy could use heavy machinery more efficiently and produce larger crops than could numerous small, individual farms but that they could be controlled more effectively by the state. As a result, they could be forced to sell a large proportion of their output to the state at low government prices, thereby enabling the state to acquire the capital necessary for the development of heavy industry. A decision was made by the 15th Congress of the Communist Party (December 1927) to undertake collectivization at a gradual pace, allowing the peasantry to join kolkhozy voluntarily. But in November 1928 the Central Committee and in April 1929 the 16th Party Conference approved plans that increased the goals and called for 20 percent of the nation's farmland to be collectivized by 1933. Between October 1929 and J... Free Essays on Collectivization Free Essays on Collectivization Collectivization Collectivization policy adopted by the Soviet government, pursued most intensively between 1929 and 1933, to transform traditional agriculture in the Soviet Union and to reduce the economic power of the kulaks. Kulaks was the label give to prosperous peasants. Under collectivization the peasantry were forced to give up their individual farms and join large collective farms or kolkhozy. The process was ultimately undertaken in conjunction with the campaign to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly. But before the drive began, long and bitter debates over the nature and pace of collectivization went on among the Soviet leaders, especially between Stalin and Trotsky, 1925-27, and between Stalin and Nikolay Bukharin, 1927-29. Some Soviet leaders considered collective farms a socialist form of land tenure and therefore desirable; but they advocated a gradual transition to them in order to avoid disrupting the agricultural productivity necessary to stimulate industrial growth. Other leaders favoured rapid industrialization and, consequently, wanted immediate, forced collectivization; they argued not only that the large kolkhozy could use heavy machinery more efficiently and produce larger crops than could numerous small, individual farms but that they could be controlled more effectively by the state. As a result, they could be forced to sell a large proportion of their output to the state at low government prices, thereby enabling the state to acquire the capital necessary for the development of heavy industry. A decision was made by the 15th Congress of the Communist Party (December 1927) to undertake collectivization at a gradual pace, allowing the peasantry to join kolkhozy voluntarily. But in November 1928 the Central Committee and in April 1929 the 16th Party Conference approved plans that increased the goals and called for 20 percent of the nation's farmland to be collectivized by 1933. Between October 1929 and J...