Explanations of crime deviance Essay Example for Free

Explanations of crime deviance Essay The right realist perspective on crime is mainly associated with the American sociologist W.J Wilson. This perspective became very influential on home office policy-making during the conservatives period in office. The right realist approach assumes that human beings are naturally selfish, individualistic and greedy. Therefore ther are naturally inclined to further their interest, even if this means comitting crime. They also believe the origins of crime are misunderstood, that is policies aimed at tackling crime by removing social and economic inequalities. Wilson noted that the Great Depression in the USA did not result in a rise in crime. Another right realist explanation is that the welfare state has undermined our sense of obligation to support each other, andthat community controls, i.e. informal controls imposed by neighbours, family and peer groups are breaking down. Right realists stress that attempts to explain the causes of crime should be abandoned and that sociologists should instead focus on finding practical solutions to slow the growth of crime. This developed the control theory. Hirschi argues that crime is opportunistic and anyone would commit crime if the situation was right and there was little chance of being caught. He says that sociologists should not focus on whypeople commit crime but why more people do not. He maintains that most people are rational in their choices and that there are controls that operate to make most people keep their actions within the bounds of the law. They are, Attachment- commitment to family relationships which could be threatened by criminal acts, Commitment- years of education, building a career, buying a home and aquiring a good reputation, all this could be lost by commiting crime, Involvement- some people are activley involved in community life as volunteers, parentgovernors for schools etc. all this would be jepordized by criminal behaviour. Right realists believe the way to control crime is to take practical measures to make sure the cost of crime outweighs the benefits. Left realists such as Lea and Young attempt to explain street crime in urban areas. Theirvictim survey of inner-city Islington showed that working class, black peopleand especially elderly women, had a realistic fear of street crime. Lea and Young argue that despite evidence of police racism, criminal statistics are largely correct as working classes and Afro-Caribbeans do commit the most crime. They agreed thatwhite-collar and crimes go largely undetected and under punished, they do not point out however that they do not have the same negative impact on society as crimes such as mugging or burglary.Lea and Young maintain the reason why working class and Afro-Caribbean people commit crime is to do with feelings of relative deprivation, such as comparing themselves to middle class or white youth with regard to life chances, living standards and income. Such groups feel frustrated with their lack of power. Negative treatment by the police and authorities leave groups feeling hostile and resentful, consequnently they are marginalized. Some mayform subcultures to help copewith the statusfrustration and marginalization. Hughes notes that left realists should be valued for the challenge they posed to radical criminologys thinking on the issues of intra-class and intra-ethnic crimes. Left realism has drawn attention to the brutalising effects of street crimes in the inner-city and the fact that some theories of crime have romanticised offenders, it has highlighted the effects of crime for victims, a group neglected by most theories of crime. It realistically acknowledges that the police amplify the presence of some groups in the criminal statistics through the use of stop and search, but points out that policing is quite rightly focusing on those groups most likley to commit crime. There is no emperical evidence to support the view that young working class or black criminals interpret their realities in the way described by Lea and Young. Research on the motives of offenders is required. Lea and Young do not really explain why the majority of working class and Afro-Caribbean youth do not turn to crime. Left realism only focuses on collective or subcultural criminal responses and does not explain crimes such as burglary, which are  commited by individuals rather than gangs. It focuses exclusivley on street crime and ignores other serious crimes such as fraud and it fails to account for oppurtunistic crime commited by adults.

Chuck Close :: essays research papers

Chuck Close (born 1940) is an American photorealist specializing in close-up portraits and self-portraits. Close is one of the very few modern realists or photorealists who focus on the human face. In 1988, in mid-career, Close was paralyzed due to a blood clot in his spinal column. He regained partial use of his arms, and was able to return to painting after developing techniques which allowed him to work from a wheelchair.All of Close’s works are based on photographs he takes himself. Close always follows the same guidelines in planning a painting. The source photograph is a tightly cropped head and shoulder shot. The subject is a family member or friend. The finished work is always titled by the subject’s first name alone (with the exception of â€Å"Self-Portrait†). This decision was intended to project an aura of anonymity, allowing viewers to approach the work without preconceived ideas about the sitter.Close’s working method is extremely labor-intensive. He begins by dividing his source photograph into a grid and creating a corresponding grid on the canvas. He then meticulously transcribes the image onto the canvas square by square, proceeding from the top left to the bottom right. Some of the largest canvases contain thousands of squares; Close completes all of his paintings by hand. Given the painstaking nature of this work, some of the earlier large-scale paintings took up to fourteen months to complete.Close's work falls into two periods, the early and the middle, in which he is now fruitfully engaged. It is easy to divide the two periods on either side of Close's 1988 stroke that left him unable to hold a brush. (He paints with his brush tied to his hand by a metal and Velcro device.) Close started to work with bolder, more expressive and colorful marks before his great physical trauma. The new work is both the same; they're recognizable as works by Close and could be by no one else He still uses the grid and he still paints heads. Although the amount of information the new pictures carry is less than the old, the characters depicted seem warmer, more immediate, and more exuberant.Close's repertory of marks has changed dramatically. In place of the discreet dots and miniature strokes of his early work, not to mention the pictures constructed of fingerprints he made in the early'80s, each of the enlarged squares in the new grids contains colorful, painterly marks that function as mini- abstract paintings of their own.

System of Linear Equation

SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES Solve the following systems: 1. ? ? x ? y ? 8 ? x ? y ? 2 by graphing by substitution by elimination by Cramer’s rule 2. ? ?2 x ? 5 y ? 9 ? 0 ? x ? 3y ? 1 ? 0 by graphing by substitution by elimination by Cramer’s rule 3. ? ?4 x ? 5 y ? 7 ? 0 ? 2 x ? 3 y ? 11 ? 0 by graphing by substitution by elimination by Cramer’s rule CASE 1: intersecting lines independent & consistent m1? m2 CASE 2: parallel lines inconsistent m1 = m2 ; b1 ? b2 CASE 3: coinciding lines consistent & dependent m1 = m2 ; b1 = b2 Classify the following system, whether (a) intersecting, (b) parallel, or (c) coinciding lines 1. ? ? 3 x ? 4 y ? 1 ? 0 ? 3 x ? 4 y ? 2 ? 0 ? 3 x ? 4 y ? 1 ? 0 ? 6 x ? 8 y ? 2 ? 0 Solve the following systems in three variables: 1. ?3 x ? 4 y ? z ? 1 2. ? x ? y ? 2 ? ? x ? 4 y ? 3z ? 3 ? 3 x ? 2 y ? 2 z ? 0 ? ________ ? ? 3 y ? z ? 1 ? x ? 2 z ? 7 ? 2. ? ________ 3. ? ?2 x ? 5 y ? 1 ? 0 ? 5 ? x ? 2 y ? 2 ? 0 ? ?2 x ? ? 1 ? 4 x ? 2 y ? 3 ? x ? 2 y ? 1 ? 0 ? 2 x ? y ? 1 ________ 4. ? ________ 5. ? ________ ?1 ? x ? ? Solve ? ?1 ? ?x ? 2 ? 3 y 3 ? 2 y Problem solving Form a system of equations from the problems given below. A) (MIXTURE PROBLEM 1) How many pounds of a 35% salt solution and a 14% salt solution should be combined so that a 50 pounds of a 20% solution is obtained? B) (UNIFORM MOTION) Two motorists start at the same time from two places 128 km apart and drive toward each other. One drives 10kph than the other. If they met after 48 minutes (that is, 4/5 hr), find the average speed of each. C) A dietician is preparing a meal consisting of foods A, B, and C as shown in the table below. Fat Protein Carbohydrate If the meal must provide exactly 24 units of fat, 25 Food A 3 2 4 units of protein, and 21 units of carbohydrate, how Food B 2 3 1 many ounces of each food should be used? Food C 3 3 2

Jane Austen s Love And Friendship Essay - 1274 Words

In Jane Austen â€Å"Love and Friendship† she illustrates the gender disparity of power and rebellion. The Romantics feature prominently the ideals of rebellion and revolution. In William Wordsworth essay â€Å"Preface to Lyrical Ballads† he describes the poet â€Å"He is a man speaking to men: a man, it is true, endued with more lively sensibility, more enthusiasm and tenderness, who has a greater knowledge of human nature, and a more comprehensive soul, than are supposed to be common among mankind† (pg 299) However, Jane Austen uses parody and satire as a way to show the sexism behind the Romanticism particularly the sensibility novels. That the portrayals of rebellion in â€Å"Love and Friendship† were just as important as our heroines pursuit for love and friendship. â€Å"Love and Friendship† is a perfect parody of sentimental genre and shows the sexism in England at the time and how the exaggeration of the middle-upper class characters to sh ow how ridiculous the depictions of women are fiction at the time. Jane Austen exaggerates Wordsworth’s ideas of the poet and Romanticism, when we see the potential husbands of Laura and Sophia. The husband s display their emotions and feelings openly to each other, while the woman faint against for the openly display of emotions. Austen use of hyperbole and exaggerate makes her criticism know on how women are generally depicted as emotionally filled idiots who faint every second on the page. She does the reversal and put these ideals on theShow MoreRelatedCourtship in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pages Through the use of literary devices, Pride and Prejudice reveals Jane Austen’s attitude towards the novel’s theme of true love through the actions of the suitors; the process of courtship in the 1800s articulates characterization, foreshadowing, and irony. The novel opens with the line, â€Å"it is a truth acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of wife,† (Austen 1) which foreshadows the conflict of finding a significant other . During the Victorian age, menRead MoreJane Austen s Love With Love1104 Words   |  5 PagesA hopeless romantic; a person in love with love; a whimsical daydreamer - you will often find people of these types reading romance novels. Maybe they are fulfilling their need for a yet-to-be-discovered soul mate, or perhaps they are just quenching their thirst for adventurous passion. Either way, the romance genre is booming, but only a few authors can grasp the pure essence of true love. Jane Austen is one of the select few romance genre geniuses, using slice-of-life situations and relatable peopleRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1189 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature April 21, 2016 Jane Austen s use of Satire in Pride and Prejudice Set in Nineteenth-century England, Jane Austen s Pride and Prejudice is a satirical novel focused on the ideals of social class and marriage. Austen plays on social behavior to show a society in which a woman s character is of the ultimate importance. A lady is expected to behave in a specific way and breaking the set social norms can put her at risk of being ostracized. In the 1800 s there were very little financialRead MoreThe Fellowship Of Marriage And Marriage1661 Words   |  7 PagesFeminists located one of the sources of inequality within women’s own behavior and the methods they employed to gain husbands. Women had been taught to use beauty and love to attract husbands, but beauty and love are only temporary states. These states do not establish a solid foundation for a lasting marriage. As illustrated in Jane Austen’s novel Emma, a successful marriage is founded upon the match between two personalities, and not upon looks. In the Romantic era, beauty and proper manners wereRead MoreMarriage Traditions in Persuasion by Jane Austen Essay1096 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent factors that include: for love, for money, for climbing social status, escapism, survival, etc. In Jane Austen’s novels, she focuses on the importance of marriage in her world because she wanted to emphasize how marriage is the most important life event of a woman as this would determine her place in society. Persuasion shows readers good and bad examples of marriage: the amiable Crofts and other couples such as Sir Walter Lady Elliot and the Smiths. Jane Austen uses the Crofts to support theRead More Essay on Irony, Values and Realism in Pride and Prejudice1152 Words   |  5 PagesIrony, Values and Realism in Pride and Prejudice The focus of Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice is the prejudice of Elizabeth Bennet against the apparent arrogance of her future suitor, Fitzwilliam Darcy, and the blow to his pride in falling in love with her. The key elements of the story are the irony, values and realism of the characters as they develop. Jane Austen ¹s irony is devastating in its exposure of foolishness and hypocrisy. Self-delusion or the attempt to fool other people areRead MoreYour Possessions And The Way You Expose Yourself1080 Words   |  5 Pagesstart off like modern love stories, it ends happily. The novel is also known to be a Bildungsroman, in which characters mature and reevaluate their actions, thoughts, and beliefs. Elizabeth seems to start off with an unforgiving personality. 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Not only did women face challenges acquiring properties, but alsoRead MoreJane Austens Emma - Character Analysis of Protagonist1656 Words   |  7 Pagesto an end as reality creeps into sleep and the fantasy finishes. The story of Jane Austen’s Emma is one of a similar account. Emma Woodhouse, the main character, has an active imagination that causes her to loose sight of reality like getting lost in dreaming. Her imagination and â€Å"disposition to think a little too well of herself† causes Emma to be emotionally arrogant and skews her perception of other characters (Austen, 1). Throughout the novel, Emma struggles to develop emotionally because herRead MoreJane Austens Emma - Cha racter Analysis of Protagonist1665 Words   |  7 Pagesto an end as reality creeps into sleep and the fantasy finishes. The story of Jane Austen’s Emma is one of a similar account. Emma Woodhouse, the main character, has an active imagination that causes her to loose sight of reality like getting lost in dreaming. Her imagination and â€Å"disposition to think a little too well of herself† causes Emma to be emotionally arrogant and skews her perception of other characters (Austen, 1). Throughout the novel, Emma struggles to develop emotionally because her