Monday, September 30, 2019
Design Lab Chemistry Surface Area
Design Lab #17: Reaction Rate – Calcium Carbonate & Hydrochloric acid Design D: Introduction: In this experiment calcium carbonate will be put into a flask and mixed with hydrochloric acid to produce calcium chloride, water and carbon dioxide. The formula for this reaction is: CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) > CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to determine how the surface area of CaCO3(s) affects the rate of reaction by measuring the volume of CO2(g) produced with time.Background: When solid reactants are mixed with liquid reactants only the particles on the surface of the solid will have direct contact, or collide, to the other liquid             reactant particles. When there is more surface area there will be more solid             particles exposed to collide with other liquid particles. When there are small             pieces of the solid re actant, the rate would be faster than if it were larger             pieces with the same mass. There will be more collisions per unit of time,             which means reaction will precede faster. Variables: Independent (Changed) ) Surface area of CaCO3 Dependent (Measured) 1) Volume of gaseous product formed (CO2(g)) Controlled (Constant) 1) Mass of CaCO3 2) Temperature of reaction 3) Concentration of HCl 4) Volume of HCl 5) Time intervals for recording volume Apparatus: 100 mL Conical flaskSingle-holed rubber stopper 90 g of CaCO3 chips90 g of CaCO3 powder 90 g of CaCO3 tablets100 mL gas syringe 100 mL graduated cylinderDigital Stopwatch 450 ml 1. 0 M HCl Stand & Clamp Electronic balance Safety Procedures: 1) Wear safety goggles for protection. 2) Handle HCl acid with care. If splashes on skin wash immediately 3) Always point gas syringe downwards.Procedure: 1) Set up equipment for experiment. Set up the gas s yringe with the clamp and connecting pipe connecting to the flask. Have the rubber stopper and stopwatch nearby at your station. 2) Place a on electronic balance. 3) Place the CaCO3 tablet on and weigh 10 g precisely on electronic balance. Record mass. 4) When taking mass make sure the tablet, chips and powder all have the same mass; 10g 5) Measure 50 mL of acid with a graduated cylinder. Pour into conical flask. 6) For the first reaction use the CaCO3 tablets. Start stopwatch immediately after CaCO3 tablets are added into flask.Simultaneously cover flask with stopper. 7) Insure that the connecting pipe from the flask to the syringe is connected properly. 8) At 10 seconds record the volume of gas in the syringe. 9) Record the volume of gas inside syringe every 10 seconds until you have 3 consistent readings. 10) Repeats steps 2 through 8 for two more trials to have 3 values for every type of CaCO3. 11) Repeats steps 2 through 7 for the CaCO3 chips 12) Repeats steps 2 through 7 for t he CaCO3 powder. Method: 2. Cut magnesium ribbon into 15 20mm strips  ±0. 5mm 3. Fill measuring cylinder with 100ml  ±0. 1ml water. Invert inside an ce-cream container. Fill container with water. 4. Take the 5 mol dm-3 acid and pipette 5ml  ±0. 1ml of acid into each 3 test tubes. Insert delivery tube into measuring cylinder under water and prepare bung above the boiling tube. 5. Pour one test-tube into the boiling tube. Place one piece of 2cm  ±0. 5cm magnesium into the tube, affix bung to the tube and begin the stopwatch 6. After 5 seconds, record the amount of water displaced on the measuring cylinder. This will be in millilitres  ±0. 1ml. Repeat this at 10 seconds. 7. Continue recording at 5-second intervals until 3 consistent readings are gained. . Repeat steps 4 through 7 with the other two prepared test tubes to give 3 readings per concentration 9. Repeat steps 3 through 8 with the remaining four prepared concentrations of acid Stat stopwatch Place the marble chips a nd powdered marble into separate test tubes. Add 10cm of the dilute hydrochloric acid to each of the test tubes and observe the rate at which carbon dioxide is produced Gas Syringe Method Equipment Conical Flask, Bung, Connecting Pipe, Gas Syringe, Hydrochloric Acid, Magnesium Ribbon, Clamp, Stand. For this method we set up the equipment as follows;The first to do is to gather together all equipment, then once that is done get the conical flask and put the bung into the top of it. Then connect the pipe from the bung to the gas syringe, making sure that it is air tight. Then once everything is set up get the stop clock ready, measure out the 50ml of hydrochloric acid and pour it into the conical flask and again the same as the burette method simultaneously put the magnesium into the conical flask, put the bung into the top of the flask and start the timer. We took down measurements in 5 second intervals. The gas syringe has a volume of 100ml?.
Sunday, September 29, 2019
Politics/Amendment Essay
A written overview of the amendment in question. What does it say specifically?      The Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution provides, â€Å"In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence†(Sixth Amendment, U.S. Constitution). The rights enumerated under this amendment refer to the codified rights of the accused in criminal prosecutions. Generally the Bill of Rights was incorporated in the Constitution on account of the belief that it was necessary to limit the investigatory and prosecutorial powers of the federal government (Oxford Companion, 2005).     The rights of the accused in criminal prosecution are: â€Å"1) right to a speedy trial; 2) right to a public trial; 3) right to a trial by jury; 4) notice of the accusation; (5) right to confront the opposing witnesses; 6) right to compulsory process for obtaining favorable witnesses; and (7) the assistance of counsel or right to counsel†(Oxford Companion, 2005). The right to a speedy trial prevents oppressive incarceration before trial and ensures defense by the accused of his cause. The right to a public trial acts as a safeguard against abuse of judicial power. Moreover, it also assures the accused that he is informed of the charges against him. This is part of due process (Oxford Companion, 2005). The right to confront opposing witnesses refers to the right of the accused to cross examine said witnesses. He is also entitled to subpoena witnesses in his behalf (Oxford Companion, 2005). Finally, the accused is also entitled to be represented by counsel or a lawyer. This shall be lengthily discussed in another section of this paper. When did it become part of the Constitution?      This amendment was ratified and adopted in the Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution in 1791 (Oxford Companion, 2005). It was part of the first ten amendments included in the Constitution. The Bill of Rights was actually proposed by James Madison. The group known as Anti-Federalists threatened that if these rights were not included in the Constitution, their states will not ratify the new Constitution. They needed clear safeguards against the vast powers of government. After a compromise was agreed upon, the Constitution was ratified in 1789 but the Bill of Rights was incorporated later and went into effect after it was ratified on December 15, 1791 (National Archives web site, n.d.). 3. What cases have come before the Supreme Court in which this particular amendment was applied?      Before the ratification of the Sixth Amendment, two statutes were enacted which in effect accorded the assistance of counsel to those accused (USGPO web site, 2005). The Judiciary Act of 1789 allowed the defendant to plead his case in a federal court either personally or by counsel. On the other hand, the Act of 1790 allowed the defendant charged with treason or other capital crime to be defended by counsel which the court will assign to him (USGPO web site, 2005). Even with the ratification of the Sixth Amendment, the right to counsel has limited application. It was only in the 1930s that the Supreme Court developed and enlarged the scope of the Sixth Amendment by virtue of jurisprudence.      In the case of Powell v. Alabama, the Court set aside the convictions of eight youthful offenders since the trial was conducted in a hasty manner and the defendants were not assisted by counsel. The Court further ruled that there was denial of due process considering that the right to be heard is meaningless if it did not entail the right to be heard by counsel [287 U.S. 45 (1932)]. The Court succinctly explained that even if a man is intelligent and learned he may not be skilled in the science of law and may be indicted on an erroneous charge or be convicted based on incompetent evidence. More so, the defendants who are young, indigents, illiterates and are faced with an atmosphere of hostility away from their relatives [287 U.S. 45 (1932)]. Thus, it was stressed that it is imperative to be represented by counsel and it imposes a duty upon the Court, whether requested or not to appoint and assign a counsel otherwise, it becomes tantamount to a denial of due process [287 U.S. 45 (1932)]. In the case of Johnson v. Zerbst, the Court enunciated the absolute rule of appointing counsel for all federal criminal defendants. Moreover, it ruled that a waiver of such right must be clear and cannot be presumed from silence of the defendant [304 U.S. 458 (1938)].      In the case of Betts v. Brady and Progeny, the Court ruled that â€Å"the appointment of counsel is not a fundamental right essential to a fair trial†[316 U.S. 455 (1942)]. It laid down the principle that the right to be represented by counsel is not necessary in state cases involving non capital offenses except in special circumstances. This ruling was held later on after criticisms, to apply only to the incompetents such as the illiterates and retardates or to grant relief in cases of judicial abuse of power [316 U.S. 455 (1942)].      In Hamilton v. Alabama, the rule was in capital cases, the Court must appoint a counsel for the defendant even without proof that defendant may be prejudiced without such appointment or even if the defendant failed to request that one be appointed as his counsel [368 U.S. 52 (1961)].The â€Å"special circumstances rule†was held to apply only in non capital offenses [368 U.S. 52 (1961)].      In the cases, Moore v. Michigan, 355 U.S. 155 (1957) and Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, 350 (1963), the Court has laid down the three categories which may be deemed as prejudicial and thus, necessitating the appointment of counsel, namely: â€Å"(1) the personal characteristics of the defendant which made it unlikely he could obtain an adequate defense of his own, (2) the technical complexity of the charges or of possible defenses to the charges, and (3) events occurring at trial that raised problems of prejudice†(USGPO web site, 2005).      The ruling of the Court in the Betts case was overturned in the landmark case of Gideon v. Wainwright.  The Court in abandoning the Betts reasoning held that the right to assistance of counsel is imperative, basic and fundamental and that the Fourteenth Amendment requires that the same be available and applicable in state courts. In 1972 this ruling was held to apply to misdemeanor and serious misdemeanor cases provided that it carried a penalty of imprisonment [Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25 (1972)]. Additionally, the Gideon ruling was also held to apply to youthful offenders in juvenile delinquency litigation in the case of In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 (1967). What, if any connection is there between this constitutional issue and education?      The constitutional issue of the right to assistance of counsel is related to education. The study of law requires knowledge, skill and experience in trial proceedings. Even an educated and intelligent man who is not properly educated and trained in law is considered incompetent and unable to defend himself. Courts are created to punish and deprive the guilty of their liberties through imprisonment and other imposable penalties. Thus, it is imperative that if a person is charged with an offense in court he must be able to put a defense and be heard by a properly trained counsel. To deprive him of this would be tantamount to depriving him of due process and would render nugatory the basic tenets of the Bill of Rights. A person charged of an offense would need the expertise of a counsel so that he does not risk himself of being convicted even if he be innocent simply because he does not know how to establish his innocence. More so an uneducated man, a feeble minded person or an indigent. Consequently, it becomes the duty of the court to appoint counsel so that such person may not be denied due process.  References  Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25 (1972) Betts v. Brady and Progeny, 316 U.S. 455 (1942) Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, 350 (1963) Hamilton v. Alabama, 368 U.S. 52 (1961) In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 (1967). Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458 (1938) Moore v. Michigan, 355 U.S. 155 (1957) National Archives and Records Administration web site. ‘Bill of rights.’ Retrieved on November 16, 2007, from http://www.archives.gov/national-archives-experience/charters/bill_of_rights.html Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. Oxford University Press, 2005. Powell v. Alabama, 287 U.S. 45 (1932) U.S. Government Printing Office web site. ‘Sixth amendment: Rights of the accused in criminal prosecutions†2002. Retrieved on November 16, 2007, from http://www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution/pdf2002/024.pdf
Saturday, September 28, 2019
Philosophy Of Education Paper Essay
As with any successful profession, there must be a strong foundation on which to build upon. This foundation in the field of education is your personal philosophy of education. Successful teaching includes diversity of every student’s backgrounds, and levels of ability. Without losing sight of goals, my beliefs of teaching and learning are very specific. First, I believe every child deserves to receive an education. No matter their race or income, every child deserves to learn. The are innocent beings, and these children are going to be our future someday. More specifically, the philosophy that I would teach to my students would be Cultural Nationalism. â€Å"The cultural nationalist teacher focuses exclusively on the experience of the oppressed group as the center or pivot of the curriculum†(Asante, p. 4). I want to use what is going on in the world and focus on their cultural experience. This allows children from oppressed groups to feel nurtured in their school environment day by day. Another philosophy that I have is, I believe a teacher should make learning fun for his/her students. When children are having fun at school, It makes them want to come back and keep coming back. Regular curriculum can get pretty boring. Making the curriculum fun engages the students into learning, and helps them understand it better. Also, I believe in staying involved with professional development so we can continuously learn new things. It is important to me to keep using updated technology in classrooms. â€Å"Matthew Arnold warned that faith in machinery was humankind’s greatest menace†(Postman, p. 36). I do not believe in what Arnold stated. I think that new technology in the classrooms is constantly helping teachers and the whole education process. Next, I believe in striving to have positive relationships with students and parents. It is very important to have somewhat of a personal relationship with your students and their parents. It really shows that you care as a teacher. Developing positive relationships with your students allows you to understand them more. This allows you to figure out the best way to teach each and everyone of your students. There are times when we encounter students that require a little more effort than others. When we are faced with this type of situation teacher must reflect on the true meaning of teaching. This will enable the teacher to embrace the difference in the learning styles of students and allow the teacher to develop innovative strategies for reaching such a diverse population. Teachers should give all students the chance to let their creative juices flow. With a little nudge and some encouragement there is no end to what a student can do. Teachers must realize that the impact that we have on our students last a lifetime. I can always remember being told knowledge is power. This statement has been true for decades and surely will be true in the future.
Friday, September 27, 2019
Relationship between Cooperative Learning and Social Emotinal Learning Research Paper
Relationship between Cooperative Learning and Social Emotinal Learning - Research Paper Example This process happens in stages and does not take place in one instance. This entails that it happens in defining stages that are dependant Brackett, (Kremenitzer, & Maurer, 2011). For the process to be successful, there must be proper mechanisms that ensure that each stage is followed. After successfully undergoing through this process, change is usually experienced Corporative learning is addressed based on two aspects. Academic and social learning, these are then organized based on classroom activities. Corporative learning differs from group work, therefore, it takes structural interdependence. Practically, it involves students that take up tasks collectively towards a particular academic goal. This mode of learning is considered to be better placed than individual learning since individual learning takes up a competitive edge. When students are involved in a group, each one capitalizes on the resource presented. A corporative learning setup enables students to ask for information and also evaluate the one at hand. The corporative learning mode has been credited by numerous authors. Its accreditation is drawn from the numerous benefits that have been resultant. Proper adoption of this mode of learning makes the success of a group to become shared amongst the members. In this model, workload is decreased as a result of role adjustments. Teachers are seen as facilitators, their normal role as information givers changes to facilitators. This model was first introduced by social theorists, before world war two. Notable authors that contributed to its establishment include Allport, Shaw, Watson, and Mead. This group established corporative learning after prior research that indicated that corporative learning is more effective with regards to quantity, quality and the general productivity. Social emotional learning is an all-inclusive term that covers all aspects pertaining to life skills. This covers other
Thursday, September 26, 2019
Role of Reflection and Reflective Practices in Organisation's Enhanced Essay
Role of Reflection and Reflective Practices in Organisation's Enhanced Performance - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the environment in which the businesses are operating these days has changed drastically from simple and less competitive form to extremely dynamic and ever-changing type. Hence, in order to survive in today’s competitive environment, the managers have to ensure that the way in which business activities are being conducted in the organization gets changed simply from responding to changes, the managers need to focus on developing a learning organization. Everyone in the organization needs to understand that collectively they can bring change in the business operations and by their support to the management they will be able to enhance the productivity of the organization. In order to make a learning organization, it is the responsibility of management and employees of the organization to divert their focus from reflective practitioner at an individual level to reflective form of organization. In the last couple of years, many re searchers have conducted studies on the role of reflection and reflective practices in the organization’s performance; some studies have focused on the theories of such practices while some have studied their implications in various forms of organizations. However, the most extensive works have been done by Vince and Walsh who has focussed on the traditional and modern ways for implications of reflection and reflective practices in all types of organizations that are working in distinctive fields. Hence, it is rightly stated by Walsh that it is crucial for the management and managers of the organisation to equip themselves with the various forms of reflective practices that are happening in the real world and make changes in their organisations so that they are compatible with the latest market trends and the structure supports the format required for organisational learning. The researchers have been unable to give the exact definition of the term ‘Reflection’ a s it is composed of numerous concepts. The primary aim of reflection is to help the thinkers do the critical analysis of the situations or problems that are being encountered in the organizations. The managers are encouraged to identify the problem areas, think about the remedial situations available and then select and implement the strategy along with proper evaluation tools. According to Clift and Houston, cited by Solomon, the reflection definition has its foundations from the Western culture that induces the managers to analyze the situation and come up with the problem-solving approach and avoid negotiation, illumination or deliberation. Walsh in the study indicated that reflection is something that can be learned and for that the managers need to undergo the learning processes so that they can encourage such workplace learning environment within the organization. The view is also supported by Johns who stated that the reflection approach helps the businesses to remain alert a ll the time and instead of just sitting in idle situation, it motivates them to work out the plan.
International Management Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
International Management - Scholarship Essay Example Kluckohn and Strodtbeck’s theory of culture points out six dimensions of culture that are there. These dimensions include identifying the nature of people, the person’s relationship to nature, person’s relationship to other people, the modality of human activity, the temporal focus of human activity and the conception of space. These six orientations were not clearly defined as well as they were not basically focusing on management. One's useful way of characterizing differences in cultures is the low context-high-context approach developed by Edward and Mildred Hall. Hall's Low-Context-High-Context Approach. In a low-context culture, the words used by the speaker explicitly convey the speaker's message to the listener. Anglo-Saxon countries such as Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and Germanic countries are good examples of low-context cultures. In a high-context culture, the context in which a conversation occurs is just as important as the wo rds that are actually spoken and cultural clues are important in understanding what is being communicated. Business behaviours in high-context cultures often differ from those in low-context cultures.
Wednesday, September 25, 2019
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT - Essay Example This was seen to have fewer negative effects on other objectives and considerations that governments may have in considering projects and offering of services to citizens in a country. Studies reveal that the new public management philosophy is more outcome and efficiency oriented as it employs better management techniques for public budgets and other key objectives with public interest. The techniques applied may include: the application of competition such is evidenced in the private sector, public organizations through the emphasis on leadership and economic principles, and a range of other approaches. Secondly, such an approach encourages new developments via the process of splitting large bureaucracies into smaller and more fragmented ones. This can be done through the introduction of competition between different public agencies, and between public agencies against private firms. Or, it can be achieved through incentivization while basing the change purely on more economic line s. This will allow the alignment of events towards the natural capitalistic systems that already exist within the markets. Furthermore, this is one of the easiest ways to impose values and techniques on the private sector management into the public sector organization and improve service and product delivery at the very same time. Incentivization theme On the other hand, it is important to look at one of the themes applied in public reform in forming the basis of furthering the paper discussion. Incentivization is a process that facilitates the shifting away from the involvement of managers and staffs rewarding performance in terms of a diffusing public or professional ethos and instead shifting towards a greater emphasis on financial-based and specific performance incentives (Lane 2000, p.54). This, in terms of the public sector, implied that there is a movement involving a down group and at the same time a down grid with relation to the existing cultural theories. It is said that the impact of this particular involvement has been marked by many professional groups that then chose to focus upon this as a means of encouraging an improved level of performance. Studies show that ‘incentivization’ mechanisms show the highest percentage of emerging the ‘new public management’ developments. This is evident because of an increased diversity involving public agencies in several countries to include: the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States. However, the expectations that performance related pay will improve performance of agency staffs has oftentimes been viewed as impossible by many scholars/researchers. Recent reforms in the United States Suggestions from an array of studies show that, the United States has engaged in various reforms within the past several decades; from healthcare to taxes and other sectors of the economy and society. Regarding the incentivization theme, it has been found that the current United States corpora te tax codes have had a large impact of incentivizing companies to relocate their business operations to other countries; thereby making these companies more multinational. This has been viewed as a technique of providing employment that will
Tuesday, September 24, 2019
Leadership Within a Global Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Leadership Within a Global Context - Essay Example n essence, resilience to change and cultural intolerance /discrimination are the major challenges that a leader is faced with in a multicultural public health environment (Dowell, Tappero, & Frieden, 2011). This paper describes the two major challenges associated with multicultural leadership in the public health sector and the probable strategies of countering the challenges. Multicultural leadership is perhaps the most taxing form of difficult since the followers and juniors hold extreme opinions about various aspects and operational procedures within the organization (Hofstede, 2010). The public health sector is not an exception although public health practitioners are known to uphold the highest ethical standards. In this respect, cultural intolerance and discrimination is commonplace in a multicultural environment such as health care facilities (BÃ ¼cker & Poutsma, 2010). Leaders in these situations have to control and manage clients, patients, and medical practitioners with extreme and skewed perceptions of other cultures. Furthermore, strangers and foreigners are the common victims, especially when public health leaders have to harmonize the whole workforce (Dowell, Tappero, & Frieden, 2011). Although many health practitioners claim to embrace change, their actions depict resilience. For instance, the Hawaii earthquake tragedy of 2010 exposed a public health sector that was complacent with mediocre medical health services (MÃ ¤kilouko, 2004). Fundamentally, reluctance to change and adopt new technologies or new ways of thinking is an issue that is ailing the public health sector. Certainly, the problem hits right in the face of public health managers who bear the responsibility of running the sector. Difficult and uncooperative health practitioners are commonplace in a multicultural health facility and it is the responsibility of the public health leader to ensure uniformity within their respective areas of control (Hofstede, 2010). Since every problem has
Monday, September 23, 2019
General Motors Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
General Motors - Research Paper Example From the discussion it is clear that General Motors Company, normally abbreviated as GM, is a United States multinational automobile company headquartered in Detroit, Michigan. The company is among the globe’s prime automakers in vehicle unit sales. It holds almost 202,000 employees, and it does business in around 157 nations. The company is split into five business divisions: GM North America, GM Europe, GM South America, GM International Operations and GM Financial. The firm produces trucks and cars in 37 countries, and services and sells the automobiles through the following brands: Buick, Chevrolet, Cadillac, GMC, Baojun, Isuzu, Holden, Jie Fang, Vauxhall, Opel and Wuling.This essay stresses that General Motors (GM) compensation and benefits system considers the executives’ salaries based on their performance, as well as the company’s performance. As a result, a huge fraction of individual executive compensation is in jeopardy because this compensation is connected to achieving certain quantifiable results aimed at generating worth for shareholders on both a temporary and long term basis. General Motors institutes its intended compensation for the executives annually by taking into account the compensations paid to executives in related internal and external positions, the performance of the company and the challenges being faced. It offers benefits to all employees, together with the executives by considering by and large the package offered by other employees in the same position. They also have additional benefits for executives as part of their compensation and benefits package that is in line with the labor market. This paper will examine General Motors, an organization that is experiencing challenges with its compensation and benefits systems. A brief history of General Motors will be given before assessing the current challenges it is facing. It will also review other organizations that have been in a similar situation. The paper will seek to draw from the strategy that those organizations have devised to address the issue of compensation and benefits. The paper will show theories and strategies that should be contemplated in addressing the situation. Finally, the paper will give recommendations to the GM management on how to address and resolve the situation. Review of the Literature An Assessment of GM’s Current Challenge General Motors financial crisis started in 2005 when the company posted a loss of US$10.6 billion (Martocchio, 2010). This was enhanced further when they tried to get United States’ government financial support, in 2006, for its pension liabilities, but they were not successful. Their loses, in 2007, were US$ 38.7 billion followed by a drop on sales, in 2008, of 45% and its reports indicated that it would be out of money by the middle of 2009 excluding the amalgamation of the government funding, a merger or sales of assets. At a Congressional hearing, in Washington DC, General Motors representatives and executives stated that they were in dire need of financial assistance, but unfortunately they did not succeed in their endeavor to get legislation to sanction the U.S.s’ government assistance. Instead, they were advised to come up with a new action plan to sustain the company. It eventually submitted its restructuring plan to the U.S. Senate committee in charge of bankin g and the House of Representative committee in charge of financial services, but Congress refused to act on it.
Sunday, September 22, 2019
The 5 Positive Outcomes for Children and Young People Essay Example for Free
The 5 Positive Outcomes for Children and Young People Essay 1. Being healthy this outcome deals with the extent to which providers contribute to the development of healthy lifestyles in children. Evidence will include ways in which providers promote the following: physical, mental, emotional and sexual health; participation in sport and exercise; healthy eating and the drinking of water; the ability to recognise and combat personal stress; having self-esteem; and the avoidance of drug taking including smoking and alcohol. There should also be assessment of the extent to which appropriate support is available for both students and staff to help achieve these positive outcomes. 2. Staying safe this outcome is principally about the extent to which providers contribute to ensuring that ‘children’ stay safe from harm. Evidence includes complying with child protection legislation, undertaking CRB checks, protecting young people and vulnerable adults from bullying, harassment and other forms of maltreatment, discrimination, crime, anti-social behaviour, sexual exploitation, exposure to violence and other dangers. Ensuring that all relevant staff are appropriately trained. 3. Enjoying and achieving this outcome includes attending and enjoying education and training, and the extent to which learners make progress with regard to their learning and their personal development. Evidence to evaluate this includes arrangements to assess and monitor learners’ progress, support learners with poor attendance and behaviour, and meet the needs of potentially underachieving groups. Also relevant will be the extent and effectiveness of the ‘enrichment’ of provision by promoting social, cultural, sporting and recreational activities. Learners’ views about the degree to which they enjoy their ‘learning life’ are taken into account here. 4. Making a positive contribution this outcome includes the development of self-confidence and enterprising behaviour in learners, together with their understanding of rights and responsibilities, and their active participation in community life. Evidence includes measures to ensure understanding of rights and responsibilities, the extent to which learners are consulted about key decisions, and the provision of opportunities for learners to develop and lead provider and community activities. There should also be a focus on enabling young people to develop appropriate independent behaviour and to avoid engaging in antisocial behaviour. 5. Achieving economic well-being this outcome includes the effectiveness of the ways in which the provider prepares learners for the acquisition of the skills and knowledge needed for employment and for economically independent living. Evidence includes arrangements for developing self-confidence, enterprise and teamwork, the provision of good careers advice and training for financial competence, and the accessibility of opportunities for work experience and work-based learning.
Saturday, September 21, 2019
Origins of Visual Expression in Art
Origins of Visual Expression in Art In this dissertation, I will research the origins of visual expression, firstly asking why was it made, and who was it made for? I will then be looking for the earliest examples of where visual expression was found and then be moving onto how western art was developed and controlled though the early centuries in Europe. Then focusing on how one artist (Marcel Duchamp) chanced how institutions and art galleries could value art and lead the way for the future artists. Finally, this will bring me onto look at the emergence of the YBAS (Young British Artists) and the dynamics of their surroundings which would evidently lead to their success in the international art world, helped by the modern systems of mass media, written medias and public opinion. In this, I will investigate the relationship between visual and modern day language mediums thought discourse, with an added envious on my own personal experience though the viewing of the art works in the exhibition at Liverpool Tate Bad art for bad people? by Dino and Jake Chapman (13th December 2006 â€Å" 4th March 2007), also including another artist who was the forerunner of the YBA movement and who would later become the YBA pin up, Damien Hurst. I will look how Damien Hurst used the systems of the media, being, news papers, Magazine columns, visual media and mass audiences, to make his own unique stamp in the art world. I will look how the YBAS became into the international limelight during the late 1980s and 1990s, helped with the guidance and backing of the advertising mogul Charles Saatchi, and his effect on the mass audience of the British public and aboard, making the YBA movement a success in the worldwide art scene. Marcel Duchamp To study how Marcel Duchamps artistic practices gave such controversy though-out the art world, arising the nature of art itself and what we view, and value as art. I will study the work The Fountain? (1917) and how it can be singled out as the bench mark for future contemporary art practice of today, firstly looking upon the history of Marcel Duchamps life up to the point of his work The fountains? creation and existence in 1917. (3A) Marcel Duchamps Fountain 1917? www.google.com/fountain.gif/cwru.edu Marcel Duchamp was born into world, in 1913, the French writer Charles Peguy Remarked, The world has changed less since the time of Jesus Christ than it has in the last thirty years.? (18) He was speaking of all the conditions of western capitalist society: its ideas, its sense of history, its beliefs, modes of production, and its art. Born on the 28th July 1887 in Blainville, near Rouen in France, He was the brother of Raymond Duchamp-Villon, the sculptor, and of Suzanne Duchamp, the poetess and also half- brother of Jacques Villon. He began to paint in 1908 and at the age of 22 Duchamp was a member of The golden circle? a painters circle, which included Metzinger, Leger, and Picabia, He was painting in the style of Cubism and futurism, which is shown his work nude descending a staircase,? painted in 1912. (19) In 1913 Duchamp exhibited this work in the New York Armoury show, in which it was the much more ridiculed work at the show. In 1912 when he painted Nude descending a staircase? Duchamp said, that painting is washed up?. (20) In abandoning painting, he said, I want something where the eye counts for nothing.? At this point the Duchampian revolution consists of the notion of the ready-made?. (20) This term describes common objects with or without modification that were relocated in museums and galleries. The term objet trouve? first was first recorded in a letter to his sister Susanne Duchamp in 1913. (21) The earliest readymade of Duchamps was the Bicycle wheel of 1913. This consisted of a bicycle wheel fixed onto a wooden stool. These readymades ojects were mass produced objects with common uses such as snow shovels and bottle racks which Duchamp would then sign. He would give the objects names that were totally irrelevant for their practical use. In 1915, Duchamp went to the USA for the first time. (22) The USA now better developed than Europe in technology, communications and now had the tallest building in the world. Soon, Duchamp settled and became the centre of a group of painters round the Stieglitz? gallery in which the group adopted the anti-art? attitude as with Zurich Dadaism. (23) In 1917, Duchamp sent his mass- produced urinal, (readymade) called fountain? to New York, (where the first show for the society of independent artist was held. Simply called independent show?, (24) signed with the name R.Mutt?, it was nothing but a common urinal. The work that was signed with a false name and exhibited on its back became centre to an unrealistic approach and was pulled out of the exhibition. The theory behind the readymade explained in an article, anonymous but believed to be by Duchamp himself in defence to his alter-ego, Mr Mutt, In the May 1917 issue of the avent- garde magazine The Blind Man?, run by Duchamp and his two friends, printed this text. Whether Mr Mutt with his own hands made the fountain or not has no importance. He chose it. He took an ordinary article of life, and placed it so that its useful significance disappeared under the new title and point of view-created a new thought for that object. There are three important points here: First that the choice of the object is itself creative act. Secondly, that by cancelling the useful? function of an object it becomes art. Thirdly, that the presentation and addition of the object have given it a new thought?, a new meaning? (25). Duchamps readymade also asserted the principle that, art is defined by the artist. The idea of art is made in the artists mind as a concept for their personal perspective of how their world is interpreted. This is true for every person, as everyone can think of ways an object means more than its physical form. This is also true of objects that have sentimental value. In any place the owner has the object in owe of what it represents regard of its space. As objects of no meaning are only then represented by the space the object inhabits. Marcel Duchamp gave the world a diverse outlook on the way art and the object could be perceived and portrayed in society, therefore leaving the door of the art world and its individuals open to create and develop concepts and ideas of art, which left the old institutions and practices to be questioned and revaluated. From abstract expression to the YBAS, Marcel Duchamps Fountain can be seen as a turning point in the ideas of where art can take the artists and the viewer. This can be seen none more so than the young graduate group of British artists of the late 1980s to take the international art world by storm, they were later to be known as the YBAS. Duchamps single act of artistic expression changed the way we could view art but to explain this he had to enforce it with words. Discourse and written language had more importance now rather than just the documentation of visual art and its history. Written language now became a factor in which works of art were viewed, and with the evolution of the tabloids and the mass media would become intertwined feeding off each other for publicity, good or bad.
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